Germ cell tumor classification: Difference between revisions

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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Gross: pale gray to yellow nodules that are uniform or slightly lobulated and often bulge from the cut surface
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Gross: pale gray to yellow nodules that are uniform or slightly lobulated and often bulge from the cut surface
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* Complete blood count and blood chemistry tests.<ref name="Diagnosisoftesticularcancer1">Diagnosis of testicular cancer. Canadian cancer society 2016. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/testicular/diagnosis/?region=on. Accessed on March 2, 2016</ref>
* Complete blood count and blood chemistry tests.
* Abnormal serum tumor marker levels ([[LDH]], [[HCG]]).<ref name="Diagnosisoftesticularcancer1" /><ref name="diagnosisoftesticularseminomawiki1">Diagnosis of seminoma. Wikipedia 2016. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminoma. Accessed on March 3, 2016</ref>
* Abnormal serum tumor marker levels ([[LDH]], [[HCG]]).<ref name="Diagnosisoftesticularcancer1" />
* CT: Metastases to the para-aortic, inguinal, or iliac lymph nodes. Visceral metastasis may also be seen.
* CT: Metastases to the para-aortic, inguinal, or iliac lymph nodes. Visceral metastasis may also be seen.
* Pelvic MRI: may be diagnostic. multinodular tumors of uniform signal intensity
* Pelvic MRI: may be diagnostic. multinodular tumors of uniform signal intensity
* Hypo- to isointense on T2-weighted images and inhomogenous enhancement on contrast enhanced T1-weighted images.<ref name="radiographicimagesofseminoma1">Radiographic features of testicular seminoma. Dr Marcin Czarniecki and Dr Andrew Dixon et al. Radiopaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/testicular-seminoma-1. Accessed on March 7, 2016</ref>
* Hypo- to isointense on T2-weighted images and inhomogenous enhancement on contrast enhanced T1-weighted images.
* Other diagnostic studies for seminoma include [[biopsy]], [[PET|FDG-PET scan]], and [[bone scan]].<ref name="pathologyofseminoma1">Microscopic pathology of seminoma. Libre pathology 2016. http://librepathology.org/wiki/Seminoma. Accessed on March 3, 2016</ref>
* Other diagnostic studies for seminoma include [[biopsy]], [[PET|FDG-PET scan]], and [[bone scan]].
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* [[Orchiectomy|Radical inguinal orchiectomy]] is the first treatment for any stage of testicular seminoma. Usually done as diagnostic and therapeutic.
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* Prognosis of seminoma is good for all stages with greater than 90% cure rate.<ref name="progseminomabjhk">Treatment and prognosis of testicular seminoma. Dr Marcin Czarniecki and Dr Andrew Dixon et al. Radiopaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/testicular-seminoma-1. Accessed on March 2, 2016</ref>
* The International Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group divides seminoma into two prognosis groups: good and intermediate.<ref name="survivalkandprognosisoftesticularcancer">Prognosis and survival for testicular cancer. Canadian cancer society 2016. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/testicular/prognosis-and-survival/?region=on. Accessed on February 29, 2016</ref>
* Common complications of seminoma include recurrence, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and secondary malignancies.<ref name="Testicularseminomaradiopaediafhg">Testicular seminoma. Dr Marcin Czarniecki and Dr Andrew Dixon et al. Radiopaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/testicular-seminoma-1. Accessed on March 3, 2016</ref>
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Revision as of 14:23, 1 August 2019

Types Subtypes Signs and Symptoms Histopathology Lab finding Treatment Prognosis
Gonadal

Seminoma

Gross: pale gray to yellow nodules that are uniform or slightly lobulated and often bulge from the cut surface
  • Complete blood count and blood chemistry tests.
  • Abnormal serum tumor marker levels (LDH, HCG).[1]
  • CT: Metastases to the para-aortic, inguinal, or iliac lymph nodes. Visceral metastasis may also be seen.
  • Pelvic MRI: may be diagnostic. multinodular tumors of uniform signal intensity
  • Hypo- to isointense on T2-weighted images and inhomogenous enhancement on contrast enhanced T1-weighted images.
  • Other diagnostic studies for seminoma include biopsy, FDG-PET scan, and bone scan.
  • Prognosis of seminoma is good for all stages with greater than 90% cure rate.[2]
  • The International Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group divides seminoma into two prognosis groups: good and intermediate.[3]
  • Common complications of seminoma include recurrence, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and secondary malignancies.[4]

Dysgerminoma

Germinoma

Extragonadal Embryonic

Teratoma

Extraembryonic

Coriocarcinoma

Yolk sac tumor

  1. ↑
  2. ↑ Treatment and prognosis of testicular seminoma. Dr Marcin Czarniecki and Dr Andrew Dixon et al. Radiopaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/testicular-seminoma-1. Accessed on March 2, 2016
  3. ↑ Prognosis and survival for testicular cancer. Canadian cancer society 2016. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/testicular/prognosis-and-survival/?region=on. Accessed on February 29, 2016
  4. ↑ Testicular seminoma. Dr Marcin Czarniecki and Dr Andrew Dixon et al. Radiopaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/testicular-seminoma-1. Accessed on March 3, 2016
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