Germ cell tumor classification: Difference between revisions
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* Germinomatous tumors: | * Germinomatous tumors: | ||
** Germinoma | ** Germinoma ( gonads, mediastinum, or pineal region, includes dysgerminoma and seminoma) | ||
** Dysgerminoma | ** Dysgerminoma (Ovary) | ||
** Seminoma | ** Seminoma (testes) | ||
* Nongerminomatous tumors: all other germ-cell tumors, pure and mixed | * Nongerminomatous tumors: all other germ-cell tumors, pure and mixed | ||
** Embryonal carcinoma | ** Embryonal carcinoma | ||
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** Polyembryoma | ** Polyembryoma | ||
** Gonadoblastoma | ** Gonadoblastoma | ||
* Mixed germ cell tumors: | |||
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*** Dysgerminomas: The female version of the male seminoma (comprised of immature germ cells) | *** Dysgerminomas: The female version of the male seminoma (comprised of immature germ cells) | ||
** Extraembryonic fetal-derived (placenta-like) cell populations | ** Extraembryonic fetal-derived (placenta-like) cell populations | ||
*** Yolk sac/ | *** Yolk sac/primitive placenta forms (epithelial neoplasms differentiate into yolk sac tumors) | ||
** Rare OGCTs | ** Rare OGCTs | ||
*** Pure embryonal carcinomas | *** Pure embryonal carcinomas | ||
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**** Immature teratoma | **** Immature teratoma | ||
**** Mediastinal seminoma | **** Mediastinal seminoma | ||
**** Mediastinal | **** Mediastinal non-seminomatous GCT: | ||
***** Yolk sac tumor (most common, pure or mixed) | ***** Yolk sac tumor (most common, pure or mixed) | ||
***** Choriocarcinoma (less common) | ***** Choriocarcinoma (less common) | ||
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*** Retroperitoneum | *** Retroperitoneum | ||
**** Retroperitoneal seminoma | **** Retroperitoneal seminoma | ||
**** Retroperitoneal | **** Retroperitoneal non-seminomatous GCTs (Embryonal carcinoma is common) | ||
**** Retroperitoneal teratomas (rare) | **** Retroperitoneal teratomas (rare) | ||
*** Pineal and suprasellar regions | *** Pineal and suprasellar regions |
Revision as of 19:08, 12 August 2019
Germ cell tumors classification is based on the histologic features and whether they are differentiated or not into:
- Germinomatous tumors:
- Germinoma ( gonads, mediastinum, or pineal region, includes dysgerminoma and seminoma)
- Dysgerminoma (Ovary)
- Seminoma (testes)
- Nongerminomatous tumors: all other germ-cell tumors, pure and mixed
- Embryonal carcinoma
- Endodermal sinus tumor, also known as yolk sac tumor (EST, YST)
- Choriocarcinoma
- Teratoma including mature teratoma, dermoid cyst, immature teratoma, teratoma with malignant transformation
- Polyembryoma
- Gonadoblastoma
- Mixed germ cell tumors:
- Ovarian germ cell tumors (OGCTs ): The histologic types that arise from the ovary are similar to those arising from the testes of men
- Embryo-like neoplasms
- Teratomas and their subtypes
- Dysgerminomas: The female version of the male seminoma (comprised of immature germ cells)
- Extraembryonic fetal-derived (placenta-like) cell populations
- Yolk sac/primitive placenta forms (epithelial neoplasms differentiate into yolk sac tumors)
- Rare OGCTs
- Pure embryonal carcinomas
- Nongestational choriocarcinomas
- Pure polyembryoma.
- Mixed germ cell tumors (teratoma with yolk sac, dysgerminoma, and/or embryonal carcinoma)
- Embryo-like neoplasms
- Extragonadal germ cell tumors (GCTs): no evidence of a primary tumor in the testes or ovaries
- Typically arise in midline locations,
- Specific sites vary with age
- The most common sites in order of frequency
- In adults:
- Anterior mediastinum
- Mature teratomas
- Immature teratoma
- Mediastinal seminoma
- Mediastinal non-seminomatous GCT:
- Yolk sac tumor (most common, pure or mixed)
- Choriocarcinoma (less common)
- Embryonal carcinoma (infrequent)
- Mixed GCTs (a mixture of teratoma, seminoma, and other cell types)
- Retroperitoneum
- Retroperitoneal seminoma
- Retroperitoneal non-seminomatous GCTs (Embryonal carcinoma is common)
- Retroperitoneal teratomas (rare)
- Pineal and suprasellar regions
- Anterior mediastinum
- In infants and young children:
- Sacrococcygeal
- Intracranial GCTs
Types | Subtypes | Signs and Symptoms | Histopathology | Lab finding | Treatment | Prognosis |
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Gonadal |
Seminoma (Testis) |
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Gross: pale gray to yellow nodules that are uniform or slightly lobulated and often bulge from the cut surface |
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Dysgerminoma (Ovarian germ cell tumor) |
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** Dysgerminoma is radiosensitive. ** Radiotherapy is not anymore the first option of treatment for dysgerminoma considering its association with ovarian failuredevelopment.
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Germinoma (Brain) |
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Extragonadal | Embryonic |
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Teratoma |
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Extraembryonic |
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Coriocarcinoma |
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Yolk sac tumor |
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