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| ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== |
| * A single parathyroid adenoma is responsible for 80% to 85% of hyperparathyroidism<ref name="pmid29022783">{{cite journal |vauthors=Edafe O, Collins EE, Ubhi CS, Balasubramanian SP |title=Current predictive models do not accurately differentiate between single and multi gland disease in primary hyperparathyroidism: a retrospective cohort study of two endocrine surgery units |journal=Ann R Coll Surg Engl |volume=100 |issue=2 |pages=140–145 |date=February 2018 |pmid=29022783 |pmc=5838681 |doi=10.1308/rcsann.2017.0112 |url=}}</ref>.
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| * A double adenomas the culprit in 4% to 5%, and parathyroid hyperplasia in 10% to 12%<ref name="pmid29939647">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wolfe SA, Sharma S |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=29939647 |doi= |url=}}</ref>.
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| * Parathyroid carcinomas are very rare causes of hyperparathyroidism and account for less than 1% of disease.
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| * Adenomas are most common in patients 50 to 70 years old.
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| * They can occur at any age. Women are affected 3-times as often as men.
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| ===Prevalence=== | | ===Prevalence=== |
| * Medulloblastoma is the second most common brain tumor among the [[pediatric]] population.<ref name="wiki">Medulloblastoma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medulloblastoma Accessed on September, 28th 2015</ref> | | * A parathyroid adenoma is a benign tumor of the parathyroid gland. It generally causes hyperparathyroidism. |
| * Medulloblastoma is considered a rare [[tumor]] among adults, as it comprises fewer than 2% of all brain tumors among that age group. | | * Approximately 100,000 Americans develop primary hyperparathyroidism each year from parathyroid adenoma. |
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| ===Incidence=== | | ===Incidence=== |
| * The overall age adjusted incidence rate of medulloblastoma is approximately 0.71 per 100,000 individuals in the United States.<ref name="pmid23925828">{{cite journal| author=McKean-Cowdin R, Razavi P, Barrington-Trimis J, Baldwin RT, Asgharzadeh S, Cockburn M et al.| title=Trends in childhood brain tumor incidence, 1973-2009. | journal=J Neurooncol | year= 2013 | volume= 115 | issue= 2 | pages= 153-60 | pmid=23925828 | doi=10.1007/s11060-013-1212-5 | pmc=PMC4056769 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23925828 }} </ref> | | * Parathyroid carcinomas are very rare causes of hyperparathyroidism and account for less than 1% of disease. |
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| ===Age=== | | ===Age=== |
| * The incidence of medulloblastoma decreases with age; the median age at diagnosis is between 5 to 7 years.<ref name="pmid23245832">{{cite journal| author=Bartlett F, Kortmann R, Saran F| title=Medulloblastoma. | journal=Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) | year= 2013 | volume= 25 | issue= 1 | pages= 36-45 | pmid=23245832 | doi=10.1016/j.clon.2012.09.008 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23245832 }} </ref> | | * They can occur at any age. |
| * The [[molecular]] subgroup of medulloblastoma has an influence on the age of presentation such as:<ref name="pmid22189395">Leary SE, Olson JM (2012) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22189395 The molecular classification of medulloblastoma: driving the next generation clinical trials.] ''Curr Opin Pediatr'' 24 (1):33-9. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0b013e32834ec106 DOI:10.1097/MOP.0b013e32834ec106] PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/22189395 22189395]</ref>
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| :* WNT medulloblastoma subgroup presents among older children
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| :* SHH medulloblastoma subgroup presents among infants and adults
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| :* Group 3 medulloblastoma presents among younger children
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| :* Group 4 medulloblastoma presents among younger children
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| ===Gender=== | | ===Gender=== |
| * The overall age adjusted incidence rate of medulloblastoma among males is approximately 0.84 per 100,000 individuals in the United States.<ref name="pmid23925828">{{cite journal| author=McKean-Cowdin R, Razavi P, Barrington-Trimis J, Baldwin RT, Asgharzadeh S, Cockburn M et al.| title=Trends in childhood brain tumor incidence, 1973-2009. | journal=J Neurooncol | year= 2013 | volume= 115 | issue= 2 | pages= 153-60 | pmid=23925828 | doi=10.1007/s11060-013-1212-5 | pmc=PMC4056769 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23925828 }} </ref> | | * Women are affected 3-times as often as men |
| * The overall age adjusted incidence rate of medulloblastoma among females is approximately 0.58 per 100,000 individuals in the United States.
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| * Males are more commonly affected with medulloblastoma than females. The male to female ratio is approximately 1.44 to 1.
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| ===Race===
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| * There is no racial predilection to medulloblastoma.<ref name="pmid2010773">{{cite journal| author=Roberts RO, Lynch CF, Jones MP, Hart MN| title=Medulloblastoma: a population-based study of 532 cases. | journal=J Neuropathol Exp Neurol | year= 1991 | volume= 50 | issue= 2 | pages= 134-44 | pmid=2010773 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2010773 }} </ref>
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| ==References== | | ==References== |