Mammary Souffle: Difference between revisions

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VisualWikitext

Latest revision as of 13:45, 26 February 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ramyar Ghandriz MD [2]

Synonyms and keywords:Accidental heart murmur

Overview

Mammary souffle is a benign heart condition that is related to pregnancy

Historical Perspective

Mammary souffle was first introduced by Gibson, G. A. classic paper about continous heart murmur on 1900.^[1]

Classification

A form of continuous benign murmur related to pregnancy.

Pathophysiology

It is an innocent murmur.
Continuous murmur with maximal intensity during systole.
Best audible in intercostal spaces II-IV of sternal border.

Causes

The exact mechanism of this condition is not determined.
It is very common among pregnant women, every 3 will develop such condition out of 10.

Differentiating Mammary souffle from other Diseases

Mammary souffle must be differentiated from other conditions with continuous heart murmur.
For differential tale check patent ductus arteriosus differential table.

Epidemiology and Demographics

The incidence of mammary souffle among pregnant women is about 15000 out of 100000 .
There is no published difference between race or age of cases.

Risk Factors

Mammary souffle is a benign physiologic condition .
There is no known risk factor for this condition.

Screening

There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for Mammary souffle .

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Murmur can start from 3rd trimester and may continue until two weeks post partum.
This situation is usually self-limited and does not need any follow up.

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

The diagnosis of Mammary souffle is made when all other causes for continuous heart murmur are ruled out.

History and Symptoms

The majority of patients with Mammary souffle are asymptomatic.

Physical Examination

Mammary souffle usually appears with a continuous murmur which subsides after one or two weeks post partum.

Any positive cardiac related physical exam findings must be evaluated.

Laboratory Findings

There are no diagnostic laboratory findings associated with Mammary souffle.

Electrocardiogram

There are no ECG findings associated with Mammary souffle.

X-ray

There are no x-ray findings associated with Mammary souffle.

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

There are no echocardiography/ultrasound findings associated with Mammary souffle.

CT scan

There are no CT scan findings associated with Mammary souffle.

MRI

There are no MRI findings associated with Mammary souffle.

Other Imaging Findings

There are no other imaging findings associated with Mammary souffle.

Other Diagnostic Studies

There are no other diagnostic studies associated with Mammary souffle.

References

↑ Scott, James T.; Murphy, Edmond A. (1958). "Mammary Souffle of Pregnancy". Circulation. 18 (5): 1038–1043. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.18.5.1038. ISSN 0009-7322.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[ScottMurphy1958-1] Scott, James T.; Murphy, Edmond A. (1958). "Mammary Souffle of Pregnancy". Circulation. 18 (5): 1038–1043. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.18.5.1038. ISSN 0009-7322.

[1]

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{RG}}
-{{SK}}
+{{SK}}Accidental heart murmur
 ==Overview==
+Mammary souffle is a benign heart condition that is related to pregnancy
 ==Historical Perspective==
@@ Line 43: / Line 44: @@
 ==Screening==
-There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for [disease/malignancy].
+There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for Mammary souffle .
-OR
-According to the [guideline name], screening for [disease name] is not recommended.
-OR
-According to the [guideline name], screening for [disease name] by [test 1] is recommended every [duration] among patients with [condition 1], [condition 2], and [condition 3].
 ==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==
-If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
-OR
-Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
-OR
-Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
+* Murmur can start from 3rd trimester and may continue until two weeks post partum.
+* This situation is usually self-limited and does not need any follow up.
 ==Diagnosis==
 ===Diagnostic Study of Choice===
-The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: [criterion 1], [criterion 2], [criterion 3], and [criterion 4].
+The diagnosis of Mammary souffle is made when all other causes for continuous heart murmur are ruled out.
-OR
-The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [criteria name] criteria, which include [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
-OR
-The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [definition name] definition, which includes [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
-OR
-There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [disease name].
 ===History and Symptoms===
-The majority of patients with [disease name] are asymptomatic.
+The majority of patients with Mammary souffle are asymptomatic.
-OR
-The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Common symptoms of [disease] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Less common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].
 ===Physical Examination===
-Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance]. Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
-OR
-Common physical examination findings of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
+* Mammary souffle usually appears with a continuous murmur which subsides after one or two weeks post partum.
-OR
+* Any positive cardiac related physical exam findings must be evaluated.
-The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is diagnostic of [disease name].
-OR
-The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is highly suggestive of [disease name].
 ===Laboratory Findings===
-An elevated/reduced concentration of serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name].
+There are no diagnostic laboratory findings associated with Mammary souffle.
-OR
-Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].
-OR
-[Test] is usually normal among patients with [disease name].
-OR
-Some patients with [disease name] may have elevated/reduced concentration of [test], which is usually suggestive of [progression/complication].
-OR
-There are no diagnostic laboratory findings associated with [disease name].
 ===Electrocardiogram===
-There are no ECG findings associated with [disease name].
+There are no ECG findings associated with Mammary souffle.
-OR
-An ECG may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an ECG suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
 ===X-ray===
-There are no x-ray findings associated with [disease name].
+There are no x-ray findings associated with Mammary souffle.
-OR
-An x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an x-ray suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
-OR
-There are no x-ray findings associated with [disease name]. However, an x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
 ===Echocardiography or Ultrasound===
-There are no echocardiography/ultrasound  findings associated with [disease name].
+There are no echocardiography/ultrasound  findings associated with Mammary souffle.
-OR
-Echocardiography/ultrasound  may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an echocardiography/ultrasound suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
-OR
-There are no echocardiography/ultrasound  findings associated with [disease name]. However, an echocardiography/ultrasound  may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
 ===CT scan===
-There are no CT scan findings associated with [disease name].
+There are no CT scan findings associated with Mammary souffle.
-OR
-[Location] CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on CT scan suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
-OR
-There are no CT scan findings associated with [disease name]. However, a CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
 ===MRI===
-There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name].
+There are no MRI findings associated with Mammary souffle.
-OR
-[Location] MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on MRI suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
-OR
-There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name]. However, a MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
 ===Other Imaging Findings===
-There are no other imaging findings associated with [disease name].
+There are no other imaging findings associated with Mammary souffle.
-OR
-[Imaging modality] may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an [imaging modality] suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
 ===Other Diagnostic Studies===
-There are no other diagnostic studies associated with [disease name].
+There are no other diagnostic studies associated with Mammary souffle.
-OR
-[Diagnostic study] may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
-OR
-Other diagnostic studies for [disease name] include [diagnostic study 1], which demonstrates [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3], and [diagnostic study 2], which demonstrates [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
-==Treatment==
-===Medical Therapy===
-There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.
-OR
-Supportive therapy for [disease name] includes [therapy 1], [therapy 2], and [therapy 3].
-OR
-The majority of cases of [disease name] are self-limited and require only supportive care.
-OR
-[Disease name] is a medical emergency and requires prompt treatment.
-OR
-The mainstay of treatment for [disease name] is [therapy].
-OR
-The optimal therapy for [malignancy name] depends on the stage at diagnosis.
-OR
-[Therapy] is recommended among all patients who develop [disease name].
-OR
-Pharmacologic medical therapy is recommended among patients with [disease subclass 1], [disease subclass 2], and [disease subclass 3].
-OR
-Pharmacologic medical therapies for [disease name] include (either) [therapy 1], [therapy 2], and/or [therapy 3].
-OR
-Empiric therapy for [disease name] depends on [disease factor 1] and [disease factor 2].
-OR
-Patients with [disease subclass 1] are treated with [therapy 1], whereas patients with [disease subclass 2] are treated with [therapy 2].
-===Surgery===
-Surgical intervention is not recommended for the management of [disease name].
-OR
-Surgery is not the first-line treatment option for patients with [disease name]. Surgery is usually reserved for patients with either [indication 1], [indication 2], and [indication 3]
-OR
-The mainstay of treatment for [disease name] is medical therapy. Surgery is usually reserved for patients with either [indication 1], [indication 2], and/or [indication 3].
-OR
-The feasibility of surgery depends on the stage of [malignancy] at diagnosis.
-OR
-Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for [disease or malignancy].
-===Primary Prevention===
-There are no established measures for the primary prevention of [disease name].
-OR
-There are no available vaccines against [disease name].
-OR
-Effective measures for the primary prevention of [disease name] include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].
-OR
-[Vaccine name] vaccine is recommended for [patient population] to prevent [disease name]. Other primary prevention strategies include [strategy 1], [strategy 2], and [strategy 3].
-===Secondary Prevention===
-There are no established measures for the secondary prevention of [disease name].
-OR
-Effective measures for the secondary prevention of [disease name] include [strategy 1], [strategy 2], and [strategy 3].
+<br />
 ==References==