Mitral stenosis risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
The most potent [[risk factor]] in the development of mitral stenosis in developing countries is [[rheumatic fever]]. Other risk factors include history of [[rheumatic fever]] and untreated [[streptococcus]] [[infection]], [[calcium]] deposition ([[Mitral valve|Mitral]] annular [[calcification]]), [[Congenital disorder|congenital]] [[Disorder (medicine)|disorder]] (babies with narrowed [[mitral valve]]), [[radiation]] ([[chest]] [[radiation]]), [[Autoimmune disease|autoimmune diseases]] ([[Lupus]]).<ref name="pmid28285457">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zühlke LJ, Beaton A, Engel ME, Hugo-Hamman CT, Karthikeyan G, Katzenellenbogen JM, Ntusi N, Ralph AP, Saxena A, Smeesters PR, Watkins D, Zilla P, Carapetis J |title=Group A Streptococcus, Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease: Epidemiology and Clinical Considerations |journal=Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=15 |date=February 2017 |pmid=28285457 |pmc=5346434 |doi=10.1007/s11936-017-0513-y |url=}}</ref><ref name="SelzerCohn1972">{{cite journal|last1=Selzer|first1=Arthur|last2=Cohn|first2=Keith E.|title=Natural History of Mitral Stenosis: A Review|journal=Circulation|volume=45|issue=4|year=1972|pages=878–890|issn=0009-7322|doi=10.1161/01.CIR.45.4.878}}</ref><ref name="Feldman2016">{{cite journal|last1=Feldman|first1=Ted|title=Rheumatic mitral stenosis|journal=Postgraduate Medicine|volume=93|issue=6|year=2016|pages=93–104|issn=0032-5481|doi=10.1080/00325481.1993.11701686}}</ref><ref name="pmid15107043">{{cite journal |vauthors= |title=Abstracts of the 27th Annual Meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 12-15 May, 2004 |journal=J Gen Intern Med |volume=19 Suppl 1 |issue= |pages=23–260 |date=April 2004 |pmid=15107043 |pmc=1492602 |doi=10.1111/j.1525-1497.2004.S1002.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="AllisonCheung2006" /><ref name="GujralLloyd20162" /><ref name="HasegawaKitahara2001" /> | The most potent [[risk factor]] in the development of mitral stenosis in developing countries is [[rheumatic fever]]. Other risk factors include history of [[rheumatic fever]] and untreated [[streptococcus]] [[infection]], [[calcium]] deposition ([[Mitral valve|Mitral]] annular [[calcification]]), [[Congenital disorder|congenital]] [[Disorder (medicine)|disorder]] (babies with narrowed [[mitral valve]]), [[radiation]] ([[chest]] [[radiation]]), [[Autoimmune disease|autoimmune diseases]] ([[Lupus]]) and [[pregnancy]].<ref name="pmid28285457">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zühlke LJ, Beaton A, Engel ME, Hugo-Hamman CT, Karthikeyan G, Katzenellenbogen JM, Ntusi N, Ralph AP, Saxena A, Smeesters PR, Watkins D, Zilla P, Carapetis J |title=Group A Streptococcus, Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease: Epidemiology and Clinical Considerations |journal=Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=15 |date=February 2017 |pmid=28285457 |pmc=5346434 |doi=10.1007/s11936-017-0513-y |url=}}</ref><ref name="SelzerCohn1972">{{cite journal|last1=Selzer|first1=Arthur|last2=Cohn|first2=Keith E.|title=Natural History of Mitral Stenosis: A Review|journal=Circulation|volume=45|issue=4|year=1972|pages=878–890|issn=0009-7322|doi=10.1161/01.CIR.45.4.878}}</ref><ref name="Feldman2016">{{cite journal|last1=Feldman|first1=Ted|title=Rheumatic mitral stenosis|journal=Postgraduate Medicine|volume=93|issue=6|year=2016|pages=93–104|issn=0032-5481|doi=10.1080/00325481.1993.11701686}}</ref><ref name="pmid15107043">{{cite journal |vauthors= |title=Abstracts of the 27th Annual Meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 12-15 May, 2004 |journal=J Gen Intern Med |volume=19 Suppl 1 |issue= |pages=23–260 |date=April 2004 |pmid=15107043 |pmc=1492602 |doi=10.1111/j.1525-1497.2004.S1002.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="AllisonCheung2006" /><ref name="GujralLloyd20162" /><ref name="HasegawaKitahara2001" /> | ||
===Common Risk Factors=== | ===Common Risk Factors=== | ||
Common [[Risk factor|risk factors]] in the development of mitral stenosis is [[Rheumatic fever|rheumatic fever.]] Rheumatic fever, is rare cause among developed countries (in the U.S). However, rheumatic fever is a common cause among the developing countries.<ref name="pmid28285457" /><ref name="SelzerCohn1972" /><ref name="Feldman2016" /> | Common [[Risk factor|risk factors]] in the development of mitral stenosis is [[Rheumatic fever|rheumatic fever.]] Rheumatic fever, is rare cause among developed countries (in the U.S). However, rheumatic fever is a common cause among the developing countries.<ref name="pmid28285457" /><ref name="SelzerCohn1972" /><ref name="Feldman2016" /> | ||
===Less Common Risk Factors=== | ===Less Common Risk Factors=== | ||
Less common risk factors in the development of mitral stenosis include:<ref name="pmid15107043" /><ref name="AllisonCheung2006">{{cite journal|last1=Allison|first1=Matthew A.|last2=Cheung|first2=Philip|last3=Criqui|first3=Michael H.|last4=Langer|first4=Robert D.|last5=Wright|first5=C. Michael|title=Mitral and Aortic Annular Calcification Are Highly Associated With Systemic Calcified Atherosclerosis|journal=Circulation|volume=113|issue=6|year=2006|pages=861–866|issn=0009-7322|doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.552844}}</ref><ref name="GujralLloyd20162">{{cite journal|last1=Gujral|first1=Dorothy M|last2=Lloyd|first2=Guy|last3=Bhattacharyya|first3=Sanjeev|title=Radiation-induced valvular heart disease|journal=Heart|volume=102|issue=4|year=2016|pages=269–276|issn=1355-6037|doi=10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308765}}</ref><ref name="HasegawaKitahara2001">{{cite journal|last1=Hasegawa|first1=Ryo|last2=Kitahara|first2=Hiroto|last3=Watanabe|first3=Kuniyoshi|last4=Kuroda|first4=Hideo|last5=Amano|first5=Jun|title=Mitral stenosis and regurgitation with systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome|journal=The Japanese Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery|volume=49|issue=12|year=2001|pages=711–713|issn=1344-4964|doi=10.1007/BF02913510}}</ref> | Less common risk factors in the development of mitral stenosis include:<ref name="pmid15107043" /><ref name="AllisonCheung2006">{{cite journal|last1=Allison|first1=Matthew A.|last2=Cheung|first2=Philip|last3=Criqui|first3=Michael H.|last4=Langer|first4=Robert D.|last5=Wright|first5=C. Michael|title=Mitral and Aortic Annular Calcification Are Highly Associated With Systemic Calcified Atherosclerosis|journal=Circulation|volume=113|issue=6|year=2006|pages=861–866|issn=0009-7322|doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.552844}}</ref><ref name="GujralLloyd20162">{{cite journal|last1=Gujral|first1=Dorothy M|last2=Lloyd|first2=Guy|last3=Bhattacharyya|first3=Sanjeev|title=Radiation-induced valvular heart disease|journal=Heart|volume=102|issue=4|year=2016|pages=269–276|issn=1355-6037|doi=10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308765}}</ref><ref name="HasegawaKitahara2001">{{cite journal|last1=Hasegawa|first1=Ryo|last2=Kitahara|first2=Hiroto|last3=Watanabe|first3=Kuniyoshi|last4=Kuroda|first4=Hideo|last5=Amano|first5=Jun|title=Mitral stenosis and regurgitation with systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome|journal=The Japanese Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery|volume=49|issue=12|year=2001|pages=711–713|issn=1344-4964|doi=10.1007/BF02913510}}</ref><ref name="pmid27582798">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tsiaras S, Poppas A |title=Mitral valve disease in pregnancy: outcomes and management |journal=Obstet Med |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=6–10 |date=March 2009 |pmid=27582798 |pmc=4989773 |doi=10.1258/om.2008.080002 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*[[Rheumatic fever]] (Among developed countries) | *[[Rheumatic fever]] (Among developed countries) | ||
Latest revision as of 20:13, 11 March 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sogand Goudarzi, MD [2]
Overview
The most potent risk factor in the development of mitral stenosis in developing countries is rheumatic fever. Other risk factors include history of rheumatic fever and untreated streptococcus infection, calcium deposition (Mitral annular calcification), congenital disorder (babies with narrowed mitral valve), radiation (chest radiation), autoimmune diseases (Lupus).
Risk Factors
The most potent risk factor in the development of mitral stenosis in developing countries is rheumatic fever. Other risk factors include history of rheumatic fever and untreated streptococcus infection, calcium deposition (Mitral annular calcification), congenital disorder (babies with narrowed mitral valve), radiation (chest radiation), autoimmune diseases (Lupus) and pregnancy.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
Common Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of mitral stenosis is rheumatic fever. Rheumatic fever, is rare cause among developed countries (in the U.S). However, rheumatic fever is a common cause among the developing countries.[1][2][3]
Less Common Risk Factors
Less common risk factors in the development of mitral stenosis include:[4][5][6][7][8]
- Rheumatic fever (Among developed countries)
- Calcium deposition (Mitral annular calcification)
- Congenital disorder (Babies with narrowed mitral valve)
- Radiation (Chest radiation)
- Autoimmune diseases (Lupus)
- Pregnancy
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Zühlke LJ, Beaton A, Engel ME, Hugo-Hamman CT, Karthikeyan G, Katzenellenbogen JM, Ntusi N, Ralph AP, Saxena A, Smeesters PR, Watkins D, Zilla P, Carapetis J (February 2017). "Group A Streptococcus, Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease: Epidemiology and Clinical Considerations". Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 19 (2): 15. doi:10.1007/s11936-017-0513-y. PMC 5346434. PMID 28285457.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Selzer, Arthur; Cohn, Keith E. (1972). "Natural History of Mitral Stenosis: A Review". Circulation. 45 (4): 878–890. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.45.4.878. ISSN 0009-7322.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Feldman, Ted (2016). "Rheumatic mitral stenosis". Postgraduate Medicine. 93 (6): 93–104. doi:10.1080/00325481.1993.11701686. ISSN 0032-5481.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Abstracts of the 27th Annual Meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 12-15 May, 2004". J Gen Intern Med. 19 Suppl 1: 23–260. April 2004. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2004.S1002.x. PMC 1492602. PMID 15107043.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Allison, Matthew A.; Cheung, Philip; Criqui, Michael H.; Langer, Robert D.; Wright, C. Michael (2006). "Mitral and Aortic Annular Calcification Are Highly Associated With Systemic Calcified Atherosclerosis". Circulation. 113 (6): 861–866. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.552844. ISSN 0009-7322.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Gujral, Dorothy M; Lloyd, Guy; Bhattacharyya, Sanjeev (2016). "Radiation-induced valvular heart disease". Heart. 102 (4): 269–276. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308765. ISSN 1355-6037.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Hasegawa, Ryo; Kitahara, Hiroto; Watanabe, Kuniyoshi; Kuroda, Hideo; Amano, Jun (2001). "Mitral stenosis and regurgitation with systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome". The Japanese Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 49 (12): 711–713. doi:10.1007/BF02913510. ISSN 1344-4964.
- ↑ Tsiaras S, Poppas A (March 2009). "Mitral valve disease in pregnancy: outcomes and management". Obstet Med. 2 (1): 6–10. doi:10.1258/om.2008.080002. PMC 4989773. PMID 27582798.