COVID-19 future or investigational therapies: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 13:33, 17 March 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

The B cell and T cell epitopes derived from the spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins are currently under investigation as immune targets for development of vaccine.
Phylogenetic similarity between SARS-CoV and COVID-19 at the level of structural proteins S, E, M, and N is providing guidance for development of a possible vaccine.

The following table depicts major vaccine products that have been developed against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV:


Vaccine Base	Antigen	Clinical Testing	Pros
DNA	Spike protein S1	Phase I, II (NCT03721718)	Reduced production time Easy design and manipulation Stimulates B and T cells responses
Viral Vector	Spike protein S1; Chimpanzee adenovirus vector, Modified Vaccinia Ankara	Phase I (NCT03399578, NCT03615911)	Competent immune response
Conjugated subunit	Spike protein S1 Receptor binding domain Nucleocapsid Membrane protein Envelope protein Delta Inulin Adjuvant and/or fusion with Fc		Stimulates humoral and cellular responses Increased safety Ease of production
Virion	Spike protein S1 Receptor binding domain Membrane protein Envelope protein Prepared in baculovirus		Multi-unit Preservation of whole virus
Inactivated	Whole virus Formaldehyde or gamma irradiation inactivation		Preservation of whole virus Reduced production time Competent neutralizing antibody production Enhanced Protection while ameliorating lung eosinophilic immunopathology
Live attenuated	Mutant MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV or recombination with other live attenuated virus

@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
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 |DNA
-|Spike protein S1
+|
+* Spike protein S1
 |Phase I, II
@@ Line 36: / Line 37: @@
 |-
 |Viral Vector
-|Spike protein S1; Chimpanzee adenovirus vector,  Modified Vaccinia Ankara
 |
+* Spike protein S1; Chimpanzee adenovirus vector,  Modified Vaccinia Ankara
+|Phase I
+(NCT03399578,
+NCT03615911)
 |
+* Competent immune response
 |
 |-
@@ Line 51: / Line 58: @@
 |
 |
+* Stimulates humoral and cellular responses
+* Increased safety
+* Ease of production
 |
 |-
@@ Line 63: / Line 73: @@
 |
 |
+* Multi-unit
+* Preservation of whole virus
 |
 |-
@@ Line 71: / Line 83: @@
 |
 |
+* Preservation of whole virus
+* Reduced production time
+* Competent neutralizing antibody production
+* Enhanced Protection while ameliorating lung eosinophilic immunopathology
 |
 |-