Sick sinus syndrome overview: Difference between revisions
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Sick sinus syndrome can result in many abnormal heart rhythms ([[arrhythmias]]), including [[sinus arrest]], [[sinus node exit block]], [[sinus bradycardia]], and other types of [[bradycardia]] (slow heart rate). Sick sinus syndrome may also be caused by a variety of [[conditions]] including but not limited to [[myocardial infarction]], [[atrial fibrillation]], [[drugs]] or toxins, [[infections]],[[medications]], [[electrolyte abnormalities]], [[hypothermia]], [[hypoxemia]], [[hypercarbia]], and [[acidosis]]. | Sick sinus syndrome can result in many abnormal heart rhythms ([[arrhythmias]]), including [[sinus arrest]], [[sinus node exit block]], [[sinus bradycardia]], and other types of [[bradycardia]] (slow heart rate). Sick sinus syndrome may also be caused by a variety of [[conditions]] including but not limited to [[myocardial infarction]], [[atrial fibrillation]], [[drugs]] or toxins, [[infections]],[[medications]], [[electrolyte abnormalities]], [[hypothermia]], [[hypoxemia]], [[hypercarbia]], and [[acidosis]]. | ||
== Natural history, Complications and Prognosis == | |||
Sick sinus syndrome natural history progress over decades. [[Patients]] are usually asymptomatic at first, but then [[symptoms]] may present due to the insufficient blood supply. Sinus pause or severe [[bradycardia]] may present with the [[central nervous system]] (CNS) under perfusion which manifests with [[presyncope]] or [[syncope]]. Possible [[complications]] of sick sinus syndrome include [[Cerebrovascular event|cerebrovascular events]], [[stroke]], [[Transient ischemic attack|transient ischemic events]], [[renal]], [[gastrointestinal]] hypo-perfusion, [[thromboembolism]], [[Fatigue]] and exercise intolerance. The syndrome is progressive, which means it usually gets worse over time. | |||
==History and Symptoms== | ==History and Symptoms== | ||
Revision as of 23:22, 6 April 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sahar Memar Montazerin, M.D.[2]
Overview
Historical Perspective
Sick sinus syndrome was first discribed by Dr. Keith and Dr. Flack, in 1907. In 2015, MYH6 gene mutations were first implicated in the pathogenesis of sick sinus syndrome.
Classification
Pathophysiology
Sick sinus syndrome occurs as an improperly propagated signal from the sinoatrial (SA) node. Age-dependent progressive fibrosis of the sinus nodal tissue and Remodeling of sinuatrial node are the potential mechanisms of this abnormally formed signal propagation. MYH6 gene may also be involved in the pathogenesis of this condition.
Causes
Sick sinus syndrome can result in many abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), including sinus arrest, sinus node exit block, sinus bradycardia, and other types of bradycardia (slow heart rate). Sick sinus syndrome may also be caused by a variety of conditions including but not limited to myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, drugs or toxins, infections,medications, electrolyte abnormalities, hypothermia, hypoxemia, hypercarbia, and acidosis.
Natural history, Complications and Prognosis
Sick sinus syndrome natural history progress over decades. Patients are usually asymptomatic at first, but then symptoms may present due to the insufficient blood supply. Sinus pause or severe bradycardia may present with the central nervous system (CNS) under perfusion which manifests with presyncope or syncope. Possible complications of sick sinus syndrome include cerebrovascular events, stroke, transient ischemic events, renal, gastrointestinal hypo-perfusion, thromboembolism, Fatigue and exercise intolerance. The syndrome is progressive, which means it usually gets worse over time.