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Syncope is usually [[Classification|classified]] based on the underlying [[mechanisms]] leading to [[hypoperfusion]]. According to '''European Society of Cardiology''' (ESC) guideline, syncope is [[Classification|classified]] to neurally-mediated, [[orthostatic hypotension]], and [[cardiovascular]] subtypes. There are some [[conditions]] that are incorrectly [[Diagnose|diagnosed]] as syncope. These [[conditions]] are usually associated with partial or complete [[loss of consciousness]] such as [[epilepsy]], [[metabolic disorders]], [[transient ischemic attack]] or [[conditions]] with loss of posture and without loss of consciousness like [[cataplexy]], drop attacks, [[falls]] and pseudo-syncope. | Syncope is usually [[Classification|classified]] based on the underlying [[mechanisms]] leading to [[hypoperfusion]]. According to '''European Society of Cardiology''' (ESC) guideline, syncope is [[Classification|classified]] to neurally-mediated, [[orthostatic hypotension]], and [[cardiovascular]] subtypes. There are some [[conditions]] that are incorrectly [[Diagnose|diagnosed]] as syncope. These [[conditions]] are usually associated with partial or complete [[loss of consciousness]] such as [[epilepsy]], [[metabolic disorders]], [[transient ischemic attack]] or [[conditions]] with loss of posture and without loss of consciousness like [[cataplexy]], drop attacks, [[falls]] and pseudo-syncope. | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
Syncope is usually [[Classification|classified]] based on the underlying [[mechanisms]] leading to [[hypoperfusion]]. The table below is one of the suggested [[classification]] systems for syncope:<ref name="MoyaSutton2009">{{cite journal|last1=Moya|first1=A.|last2=Sutton|first2=R.|last3=Ammirati|first3=F.|last4=Blanc|first4=J.-J.|last5=Brignole|first5=M.|last6=Dahm|first6=J. B.|last7=Deharo|first7=J.-C.|last8=Gajek|first8=J.|last9=Gjesdal|first9=K.|last10=Krahn|first10=A.|last11=Massin|first11=M.|last12=Pepi|first12=M.|last13=Pezawas|first13=T.|last14=Granell|first14=R. R.|last15=Sarasin|first15=F.|last16=Ungar|first16=A.|last17=van Dijk|first17=J. G.|last18=Walma|first18=E. P.|last19=Wieling|first19=W.|last20=Abe|first20=H.|last21=Benditt|first21=D. G.|last22=Decker|first22=W. W.|last23=Grubb|first23=B. P.|last24=Kaufmann|first24=H.|last25=Morillo|first25=C.|last26=Olshansky|first26=B.|last27=Parry|first27=S. W.|last28=Sheldon|first28=R.|last29=Shen|first29=W. K.|last30=Vahanian|first30=A.|last31=Auricchio|first31=A.|last32=Bax|first32=J.|last33=Ceconi|first33=C.|last34=Dean|first34=V.|last35=Filippatos|first35=G.|last36=Funck-Brentano|first36=C.|last37=Hobbs|first37=R.|last38=Kearney|first38=P.|last39=McDonagh|first39=T.|last40=McGregor|first40=K.|last41=Popescu|first41=B. A.|last42=Reiner|first42=Z.|last43=Sechtem|first43=U.|last44=Sirnes|first44=P. A.|last45=Tendera|first45=M.|last46=Vardas|first46=P.|last47=Widimsky|first47=P.|last48=Auricchio|first48=A.|last49=Acarturk|first49=E.|last50=Andreotti|first50=F.|last51=Asteggiano|first51=R.|last52=Bauersfeld|first52=U.|last53=Bellou|first53=A.|last54=Benetos|first54=A.|last55=Brandt|first55=J.|last56=Chung|first56=M. K.|last57=Cortelli|first57=P.|last58=Da Costa|first58=A.|last59=Extramiana|first59=F.|last60=Ferro|first60=J.|last61=Gorenek|first61=B.|last62=Hedman|first62=A.|last63=Hirsch|first63=R.|last64=Kaliska|first64=G.|last65=Kenny|first65=R. A.|last66=Kjeldsen|first66=K. P.|last67=Lampert|first67=R.|last68=Molgard|first68=H.|last69=Paju|first69=R.|last70=Puodziukynas|first70=A.|last71=Raviele|first71=A.|last72=Roman|first72=P.|last73=Scherer|first73=M.|last74=Schondorf|first74=R.|last75=Sicari|first75=R.|last76=Vanbrabant|first76=P.|last77=Wolpert|first77=C.|last78=Zamorano|first78=J. L.|title=Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope (version 2009): The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Syncope of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)|journal=European Heart Journal|volume=30|issue=21|year=2009|pages=2631–2671|issn=0195-668X|doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehp298}}</ref> | Syncope is usually [[Classification|classified]] based on the underlying [[mechanisms]] leading to [[hypoperfusion]]. According to '''European Society of Cardiology''' (ESC) guideline, syncope is [[Classification|classified]] to neurally-mediated, [[orthostatic hypotension]], and [[cardiovascular]] subtypes. There are some [[conditions]] that are incorrectly [[Diagnose|diagnosed]] as syncope. These [[conditions]] are usually associated with partial or complete [[loss of consciousness]] such as [[epilepsy]], [[metabolic disorders]], [[transient ischemic attack]] or [[conditions]] with loss of posture and without loss of consciousness like [[cataplexy]], drop attacks, [[falls]] and pseudo-syncope. | ||
The table below is one of the suggested [[classification]] systems for syncope:<ref name="MoyaSutton2009">{{cite journal|last1=Moya|first1=A.|last2=Sutton|first2=R.|last3=Ammirati|first3=F.|last4=Blanc|first4=J.-J.|last5=Brignole|first5=M.|last6=Dahm|first6=J. B.|last7=Deharo|first7=J.-C.|last8=Gajek|first8=J.|last9=Gjesdal|first9=K.|last10=Krahn|first10=A.|last11=Massin|first11=M.|last12=Pepi|first12=M.|last13=Pezawas|first13=T.|last14=Granell|first14=R. R.|last15=Sarasin|first15=F.|last16=Ungar|first16=A.|last17=van Dijk|first17=J. G.|last18=Walma|first18=E. P.|last19=Wieling|first19=W.|last20=Abe|first20=H.|last21=Benditt|first21=D. G.|last22=Decker|first22=W. W.|last23=Grubb|first23=B. P.|last24=Kaufmann|first24=H.|last25=Morillo|first25=C.|last26=Olshansky|first26=B.|last27=Parry|first27=S. W.|last28=Sheldon|first28=R.|last29=Shen|first29=W. K.|last30=Vahanian|first30=A.|last31=Auricchio|first31=A.|last32=Bax|first32=J.|last33=Ceconi|first33=C.|last34=Dean|first34=V.|last35=Filippatos|first35=G.|last36=Funck-Brentano|first36=C.|last37=Hobbs|first37=R.|last38=Kearney|first38=P.|last39=McDonagh|first39=T.|last40=McGregor|first40=K.|last41=Popescu|first41=B. A.|last42=Reiner|first42=Z.|last43=Sechtem|first43=U.|last44=Sirnes|first44=P. A.|last45=Tendera|first45=M.|last46=Vardas|first46=P.|last47=Widimsky|first47=P.|last48=Auricchio|first48=A.|last49=Acarturk|first49=E.|last50=Andreotti|first50=F.|last51=Asteggiano|first51=R.|last52=Bauersfeld|first52=U.|last53=Bellou|first53=A.|last54=Benetos|first54=A.|last55=Brandt|first55=J.|last56=Chung|first56=M. K.|last57=Cortelli|first57=P.|last58=Da Costa|first58=A.|last59=Extramiana|first59=F.|last60=Ferro|first60=J.|last61=Gorenek|first61=B.|last62=Hedman|first62=A.|last63=Hirsch|first63=R.|last64=Kaliska|first64=G.|last65=Kenny|first65=R. A.|last66=Kjeldsen|first66=K. P.|last67=Lampert|first67=R.|last68=Molgard|first68=H.|last69=Paju|first69=R.|last70=Puodziukynas|first70=A.|last71=Raviele|first71=A.|last72=Roman|first72=P.|last73=Scherer|first73=M.|last74=Schondorf|first74=R.|last75=Sicari|first75=R.|last76=Vanbrabant|first76=P.|last77=Wolpert|first77=C.|last78=Zamorano|first78=J. L.|title=Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope (version 2009): The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Syncope of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)|journal=European Heart Journal|volume=30|issue=21|year=2009|pages=2631–2671|issn=0195-668X|doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehp298}}</ref> | |||
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Revision as of 04:12, 20 April 2020
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Syncope Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Syncope classification On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Syncope classification |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Syncope classification |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]: Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sahar Memar Montazerin, M.D.[2]
Overview
Syncope is usually classified based on the underlying mechanisms leading to hypoperfusion. According to European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guideline, syncope is classified to neurally-mediated, orthostatic hypotension, and cardiovascular subtypes. There are some conditions that are incorrectly diagnosed as syncope. These conditions are usually associated with partial or complete loss of consciousness such as epilepsy, metabolic disorders, transient ischemic attack or conditions with loss of posture and without loss of consciousness like cataplexy, drop attacks, falls and pseudo-syncope.
Classification
Syncope is usually classified based on the underlying mechanisms leading to hypoperfusion. According to European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guideline, syncope is classified to neurally-mediated, orthostatic hypotension, and cardiovascular subtypes. There are some conditions that are incorrectly diagnosed as syncope. These conditions are usually associated with partial or complete loss of consciousness such as epilepsy, metabolic disorders, transient ischemic attack or conditions with loss of posture and without loss of consciousness like cataplexy, drop attacks, falls and pseudo-syncope. The table below is one of the suggested classification systems for syncope:[1]
| Neurally-Mediated Syncope |
| Vasovagal |
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| Situational |
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| Carotid sinus syncope |
| Syncope due to Orthostatic Hypotension |
|---|
| Autonomic failure |
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| Drug induced: |
| Volume depletion |
| Cardiovascular Syncope |
| Arrhythmia |
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| Structural heart disease |
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| Other cardiovascular: |
| Conditions Incorrectly Diagnosed as Syncope |
| Disorders with partial or complete loss of consciousness |
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| Conditions without loss of consciousness |
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| The above table adopted from ESC guideline |
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References
- ↑ Moya, A.; Sutton, R.; Ammirati, F.; Blanc, J.-J.; Brignole, M.; Dahm, J. B.; Deharo, J.-C.; Gajek, J.; Gjesdal, K.; Krahn, A.; Massin, M.; Pepi, M.; Pezawas, T.; Granell, R. R.; Sarasin, F.; Ungar, A.; van Dijk, J. G.; Walma, E. P.; Wieling, W.; Abe, H.; Benditt, D. G.; Decker, W. W.; Grubb, B. P.; Kaufmann, H.; Morillo, C.; Olshansky, B.; Parry, S. W.; Sheldon, R.; Shen, W. K.; Vahanian, A.; Auricchio, A.; Bax, J.; Ceconi, C.; Dean, V.; Filippatos, G.; Funck-Brentano, C.; Hobbs, R.; Kearney, P.; McDonagh, T.; McGregor, K.; Popescu, B. A.; Reiner, Z.; Sechtem, U.; Sirnes, P. A.; Tendera, M.; Vardas, P.; Widimsky, P.; Auricchio, A.; Acarturk, E.; Andreotti, F.; Asteggiano, R.; Bauersfeld, U.; Bellou, A.; Benetos, A.; Brandt, J.; Chung, M. K.; Cortelli, P.; Da Costa, A.; Extramiana, F.; Ferro, J.; Gorenek, B.; Hedman, A.; Hirsch, R.; Kaliska, G.; Kenny, R. A.; Kjeldsen, K. P.; Lampert, R.; Molgard, H.; Paju, R.; Puodziukynas, A.; Raviele, A.; Roman, P.; Scherer, M.; Schondorf, R.; Sicari, R.; Vanbrabant, P.; Wolpert, C.; Zamorano, J. L. (2009). "Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope (version 2009): The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Syncope of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)". European Heart Journal. 30 (21): 2631–2671. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehp298. ISSN 0195-668X.