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| * Esophagitis may be classified into 6 subtypes/groups: | | * Esophagitis may be classified into 6 subtypes/groups: |
| ** Reflux esophagitis | | ** Reflux esophagitis |
| | | **Infectious esophagitis |
| For decades it has been assumed that inflammation from acid reflux was caused by the irritation.
| | ***Fungal |
| | | ****[[Candida]] (Esophageal candidiasis) |
| of acid itself. A recent study, however, points toward a cause and effect relationship that is less clear, and demonstrated that inflammation may not be caused by acid reflux, but that both reflux and inflammation could be caused by an underlying third factor. It is a common misconception that reflux has been proven to cause inflammation in the esophagus.[https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/863413]
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| ** Infectious esophagitis | |
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| Esophagitis that happens due to a viral, fungal, parasitic or bacterial infection. More likely to happen to people who have an immunodeficiency. Types include:
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| *** Fungal | |
| **** [[Candida]] (Esophageal candidiasis) | |
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| *** Viral | | *** Viral |
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| ** Drug-induced esophagitis | | ** Drug-induced esophagitis |
| | ** Eosinophilic esophagitis |
| | ** Caustic esophagitis |
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| | == Pathophysiology == |
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| | == Clinical Features == |
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| Damage to the esophagus due to medications. If the esophagus is not coated or if the medicine is not taken with enough liquid, it can damage the tissues.
| | == Differentiating Esophagitis from other Diseases == |
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| ** Eosinophilic esophagitis
| | == Epidemiology and Demographics == |
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| | == Risk Factors == |
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| Eosinophilic esophagitis is caused by a high concentration of eosinophils in the esophagus. The presence of eosinophils in the esophagus may be due to an allergen, and is often correlated with GERD. The direction of cause and effect between inflammation and acid reflux is poorly established, with recent studies (in 2016) hinting that reflux does not cause inflammation. This esophagitis can be triggered by allergies to food or to inhaled allergens. This type is still poorly understood.
| | == Natural History, Complications and Prognosis == |
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| ** Lymphocytic esophagitis
| | == Diagnosis == |
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| ** Caustic esophagitis
| | == Treatment == |
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| == Pathophysiology == | | == References == |
| <br />
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Shakiba Hassanzadeh, MD[1]
Overview
Esophagitis is a disease characterized by inflammation of the esophagus.[2]
Historical Perspective
Classification
- Esophagitis may be classified into 6 subtypes/groups:
- Reflux esophagitis
- Infectious esophagitis
- Viral
- Herpes simplex (Herpes esophagitis)
- Cytomegalovirus
- Drug-induced esophagitis
- Eosinophilic esophagitis
- Caustic esophagitis
Pathophysiology
Clinical Features
Differentiating Esophagitis from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Treatment
References