Asperger syndrome risk factors: Difference between revisions
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* Male gender: The male to female ratio for ASD is approximately 4 to 1.<ref name="pmid29701730">{{cite journal| author=Baio J, Wiggins L, Christensen DL, Maenner MJ, Daniels J, Warren Z | display-authors=etal| title=Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2014. | journal=MMWR Surveill Summ | year= 2018 | volume= 67 | issue= 6 | pages= 1-23 | pmid=29701730 | doi=10.15585/mmwr.ss6706a1 | pmc=5919599 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29701730 }} </ref> | * Male gender: The male to female ratio for ASD is approximately 4 to 1.<ref name="pmid29701730">{{cite journal| author=Baio J, Wiggins L, Christensen DL, Maenner MJ, Daniels J, Warren Z | display-authors=etal| title=Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2014. | journal=MMWR Surveill Summ | year= 2018 | volume= 67 | issue= 6 | pages= 1-23 | pmid=29701730 | doi=10.15585/mmwr.ss6706a1 | pmc=5919599 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29701730 }} </ref> | ||
* Family history of austim spectrum disorder (ASD)<ref name="pmid9813781">{{cite journal| author=Volkmar FR, Klin A, Pauls D| title=Nosological and genetic aspects of Asperger syndrome. | journal=J Autism Dev Disord | year= 1998 | volume= 28 | issue= 5 | pages= 457-63 | pmid=9813781 | doi=10.1023/a:1026012707581 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9813781 }} </ref><ref name="pmid15909402">{{cite journal| author=Gillberg C, Cederlund M| title=Asperger syndrome: familial and pre- and perinatal factors. | journal=J Autism Dev Disord | year= 2005 | volume= 35 | issue= 2 | pages= 159-66 | pmid=15909402 | doi=10.1007/s10803-004-1993-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15909402 }} </ref><ref name="pmid15909404">{{cite journal| author=Ghaziuddin M| title=A family history study of Asperger syndrome. | journal=J Autism Dev Disord | year= 2005 | volume= 35 | issue= 2 | pages= 177-82 | pmid=15909404 | doi=10.1007/s10803-004-1996-4 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15909404 }} </ref> | |||
*Race: AS has been reported to be 7% and 22% higher among white children compared to black and Hispanic children.<ref name="pmidd29701730">{{cite journal| author=Baio J, Wiggins L, Christensen DL, Maenner MJ, Daniels J, Warren Z | display-authors=etal| title=Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2014. | journal=MMWR Surveill Summ | year= 2018 | volume= 67 | issue= 6 | pages= 1-23 | pmid=d29701730 | doi=10.15585/mmwr.ss6706a1 | pmc=5919599 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29701730 }} </ref> | |||
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Overview
Risk Factors
Several risk factors have been associated with Asperger Syndrome:
- Male gender: The male to female ratio for ASD is approximately 4 to 1.[1]
- Family history of austim spectrum disorder (ASD)[2][3][4]
- Race: AS has been reported to be 7% and 22% higher among white children compared to black and Hispanic children.[5]
Common risk factors in the development autism include:
- Male gender: boys are at higher risk for autism than girls.
- Prenatal and perinatal risk factors:
- Advanced maternal age
- Advanced paternal age
- Low birth weight
- Gestation duration
- Hypoxia during childbirth
- Family history schizophrenia
References
- ↑ Baio J, Wiggins L, Christensen DL, Maenner MJ, Daniels J, Warren Z; et al. (2018). "Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2014". MMWR Surveill Summ. 67 (6): 1–23. doi:10.15585/mmwr.ss6706a1. PMC 5919599. PMID 29701730.
- ↑ Volkmar FR, Klin A, Pauls D (1998). "Nosological and genetic aspects of Asperger syndrome". J Autism Dev Disord. 28 (5): 457–63. doi:10.1023/a:1026012707581. PMID 9813781.
- ↑ Gillberg C, Cederlund M (2005). "Asperger syndrome: familial and pre- and perinatal factors". J Autism Dev Disord. 35 (2): 159–66. doi:10.1007/s10803-004-1993-7. PMID 15909402.
- ↑ Ghaziuddin M (2005). "A family history study of Asperger syndrome". J Autism Dev Disord. 35 (2): 177–82. doi:10.1007/s10803-004-1996-4. PMID 15909404.
- ↑ Baio J, Wiggins L, Christensen DL, Maenner MJ, Daniels J, Warren Z; et al. (2018). "Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2014". MMWR Surveill Summ. 67 (6): 1–23. doi:10.15585/mmwr.ss6706a1. PMC 5919599. PMID d29701730 Check
|pmid=value (help).