Asplenia epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
===Incidence=== | ===Incidence=== | ||
*The incidence | *The [[incidence]] of [[congenital asplenia]] is approximately [[1/10,000 to 1/40,000 live births]] per 100,000 [[individuals]] worldwide.<ref name="pmid20846672">{{cite journal| author=Mahlaoui N, Minard-Colin V, Picard C, Bolze A, Ku CL, Tournilhac O | display-authors=etal| title=Isolated congenital asplenia: a French nationwide retrospective survey of 20 cases. | journal=J Pediatr | year= 2011 | volume= 158 | issue= 1 | pages= 142-8, 148.e1 | pmid=20846672 | doi=10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.07.027 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20846672 }} </ref> | ||
* | *The [[incidence]] of [[overwhelming post-splenectomy infection syndrome]] (OPSI) is 50% higher in [[splenectomised]] [[patients]] compared to [[healthy]] [[individuals]].<ref name="pmid11178626">{{cite journal| author=Hansen K, Singer DB| title=Asplenic-hyposplenic overwhelming sepsis: postsplenectomy sepsis revisited. | journal=Pediatr Dev Pathol | year= 2001 | volume= 4 | issue= 2 | pages= 105-21 | pmid=11178626 | doi=10.1007/s100240010145 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11178626 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Heterotaxy syndrome]] with [[asplenia]] and [[right atrial]] [[isomerism]] occurring approximately in 1 in [[10,000-40,000 births]], which is the most frequent one of these [[syndromes]].<ref name="pmid26557043">{{cite journal| author=Erdem SB, Genel F, Erdur B, Ozbek E, Gulez N, Mese T| title=Asplenia in children with congenital heart disease as a cause of poor outcome. | journal=Cent Eur J Immunol | year= 2015 | volume= 40 | issue= 2 | pages= 266-9 | pmid=26557043 | doi=10.5114/ceji.2015.52841 | pmc=4637402 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26557043 }} </ref> | |||
===Prevalence=== | ===Prevalence=== | ||
*The | *The [[prevalence]] of [[asplenia]] is [[vary]] among different conditions.<ref name="pmid14417436">{{cite journal| author=LIPSON RL, BAYRD ED, WATKINS CH| title=The postsplenectomy blood picture. | journal=Am J Clin Pathol | year= 1959 | volume= 32 | issue= | pages= 526-32 | pmid=14417436 | doi=10.1093/ajcp/32.6.526 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14417436 }} </ref> | ||
* | *The prevalence of [[Functional hyposplenism]] in [[Sickle cell disease]], almost 100% of cases, and [[overwhelming post-splenectomy infection syndrome]](OPSI) occur more [[frequently]].<ref name="pmid1933181">{{cite journal| author=Holdsworth RJ, Irving AD, Cuschieri A| title=Postsplenectomy sepsis and its mortality rate: actual versus perceived risks. | journal=Br J Surg | year= 1991 | volume= 78 | issue= 9 | pages= 1031-8 | pmid=1933181 | doi=10.1002/bjs.1800780904 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1933181 }} </ref> | ||
*The prevalence of [ | *The prevalence in [[alcoholic liver disease]], is about 37-100%, [[celiac disease]] 33-76% , [[Whipple’s disease]] 47% and in [[bone marrow transplantation]] 40% , and in other cases the [[frequency]] of [[hyposplenism]] is relatively low such as in [[systemic lupus erythematosu]]s around 7%. | ||
*The prevalence of [[Isolated congenital asplenia]] is 0.51 [[per million births]], indicated by French nationwide study.<ref name="pmid20846672">{{cite journal| author=Mahlaoui N, Minard-Colin V, Picard C, Bolze A, Ku CL, Tournilhac O | display-authors=etal| title=Isolated congenital asplenia: a French nationwide retrospective survey of 20 cases. | journal=J Pediatr | year= 2011 | volume= 158 | issue= 1 | pages= 142-8, 148.e1 | pmid=20846672 | doi=10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.07.027 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20846672 }} </ref> | |||
=== | ===Mortality=== | ||
* | *Asplenic patients are at risk for [[overwhelming infection]] and when they are [[complicated]] by [[invasive infection]], the [[mortality]] remains [[high]], at [[greater than 60%]].<ref name="pmid22147274">{{cite journal| author=Uchida Y, Matsubara K, Wada T, Oishi K, Morio T, Takada H | display-authors=etal| title=Recurrent bacterial meningitis by three different pathogens in an isolated asplenic child. | journal=J Infect Chemother | year= 2012 | volume= 18 | issue= 4 | pages= 576-80 | pmid=22147274 | doi=10.1007/s10156-011-0341-z | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22147274 }} </ref> | ||
===Age=== | ===Age=== | ||
*Patients | *[[Patients]] younger than 16 years old are considered to be at [[higher risk]] of OPSI due to their [[immature immune system]].<ref name="pmid1933181">{{cite journal| author=Holdsworth RJ, Irving AD, Cuschieri A| title=Postsplenectomy sepsis and its mortality rate: actual versus perceived risks. | journal=Br J Surg | year= 1991 | volume= 78 | issue= 9 | pages= 1031-8 | pmid=1933181 | doi=10.1002/bjs.1800780904 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1933181 }} </ref> | ||
===Gender=== | ===Gender=== | ||
*[ | *Asplenia occurs slightly more often in [[males]] than in [[females]].<ref name="pmid1191445">{{cite journal| author=Rose V, Izukawa T, Moës CA| title=Syndromes of asplenia and polysplenia. A review of cardiac and non-cardiac malformations in 60 cases withspecial reference to diagnosis and prognosis. | journal=Br Heart J | year= 1975 | volume= 37 | issue= 8 | pages= 840-52 | pmid=1191445 | doi=10.1136/hrt.37.8.840 | pmc=482884 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1191445 }} </ref> | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 12:59, 19 July 2021
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anum Dilip, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- The incidence of congenital asplenia is approximately 1/10,000 to 1/40,000 live births per 100,000 individuals worldwide.[1]
- The incidence of overwhelming post-splenectomy infection syndrome (OPSI) is 50% higher in splenectomised patients compared to healthy individuals.[2]
- Heterotaxy syndrome with asplenia and right atrial isomerism occurring approximately in 1 in 10,000-40,000 births, which is the most frequent one of these syndromes.[3]
Prevalence
- The prevalence of asplenia is vary among different conditions.[4]
- The prevalence of Functional hyposplenism in Sickle cell disease, almost 100% of cases, and overwhelming post-splenectomy infection syndrome(OPSI) occur more frequently.[5]
- The prevalence in alcoholic liver disease, is about 37-100%, celiac disease 33-76% , Whipple’s disease 47% and in bone marrow transplantation 40% , and in other cases the frequency of hyposplenism is relatively low such as in systemic lupus erythematosus around 7%.
- The prevalence of Isolated congenital asplenia is 0.51 per million births, indicated by French nationwide study.[1]
Mortality
- Asplenic patients are at risk for overwhelming infection and when they are complicated by invasive infection, the mortality remains high, at greater than 60%.[6]
Age
- Patients younger than 16 years old are considered to be at higher risk of OPSI due to their immature immune system.[5]
Gender
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mahlaoui N, Minard-Colin V, Picard C, Bolze A, Ku CL, Tournilhac O; et al. (2011). "Isolated congenital asplenia: a French nationwide retrospective survey of 20 cases". J Pediatr. 158 (1): 142–8, 148.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.07.027. PMID 20846672.
- ↑ Hansen K, Singer DB (2001). "Asplenic-hyposplenic overwhelming sepsis: postsplenectomy sepsis revisited". Pediatr Dev Pathol. 4 (2): 105–21. doi:10.1007/s100240010145. PMID 11178626.
- ↑ Erdem SB, Genel F, Erdur B, Ozbek E, Gulez N, Mese T (2015). "Asplenia in children with congenital heart disease as a cause of poor outcome". Cent Eur J Immunol. 40 (2): 266–9. doi:10.5114/ceji.2015.52841. PMC 4637402. PMID 26557043.
- ↑ LIPSON RL, BAYRD ED, WATKINS CH (1959). "The postsplenectomy blood picture". Am J Clin Pathol. 32: 526–32. doi:10.1093/ajcp/32.6.526. PMID 14417436.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Holdsworth RJ, Irving AD, Cuschieri A (1991). "Postsplenectomy sepsis and its mortality rate: actual versus perceived risks". Br J Surg. 78 (9): 1031–8. doi:10.1002/bjs.1800780904. PMID 1933181.
- ↑ Uchida Y, Matsubara K, Wada T, Oishi K, Morio T, Takada H; et al. (2012). "Recurrent bacterial meningitis by three different pathogens in an isolated asplenic child". J Infect Chemother. 18 (4): 576–80. doi:10.1007/s10156-011-0341-z. PMID 22147274.
- ↑ Rose V, Izukawa T, Moës CA (1975). "Syndromes of asplenia and polysplenia. A review of cardiac and non-cardiac malformations in 60 cases withspecial reference to diagnosis and prognosis". Br Heart J. 37 (8): 840–52. doi:10.1136/hrt.37.8.840. PMC 482884. PMID 1191445.