Sandbox:Mydah: Difference between revisions

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====Life-threatening Causes====
====Life-threatening Causes====
Life-threatening causes include conditions that may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Life-threatening causes include conditions that may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
* Does not include any known cause
====Common Causes====
====Common Causes====
* Viral upper respiratory tract infection (Adenovirus, rhinovirus, coronavirus, enterovirus, influenza A and B, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). <ref name="pmid2494921">{{cite journal| author=Huovinen P, Lahtonen R, Ziegler T, Meurman O, Hakkarainen K, Miettinen A | display-authors=etal| title=Pharyngitis in adults: the presence and coexistence of viruses and bacterial organisms. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 1989 | volume= 110 | issue= 8 | pages= 612-6 | pmid=2494921 | doi=10.7326/0003-4819-110-8-612 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2494921  }} </ref><ref name="pmid11172144">{{cite journal| author=Bisno AL| title=Acute pharyngitis. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2001 | volume= 344 | issue= 3 | pages= 205-11 | pmid=11172144 | doi=10.1056/NEJM200101183440308 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11172144  }} </ref><ref name="pmid32329971">{{cite journal| author=Arons MM, Hatfield KM, Reddy SC, Kimball A, James A, Jacobs JR | display-authors=etal| title=Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Transmission in a Skilled Nursing Facility. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2020 | volume= 382 | issue= 22 | pages= 2081-2090 | pmid=32329971 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2008457 | pmc=7200056 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32329971  }} </ref>
* Viral upper respiratory tract infection (Adenovirus, rhinovirus, coronavirus, enterovirus, influenza A and B, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). <ref name="pmid2494921">{{cite journal| author=Huovinen P, Lahtonen R, Ziegler T, Meurman O, Hakkarainen K, Miettinen A | display-authors=etal| title=Pharyngitis in adults: the presence and coexistence of viruses and bacterial organisms. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 1989 | volume= 110 | issue= 8 | pages= 612-6 | pmid=2494921 | doi=10.7326/0003-4819-110-8-612 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2494921  }} </ref><ref name="pmid11172144">{{cite journal| author=Bisno AL| title=Acute pharyngitis. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2001 | volume= 344 | issue= 3 | pages= 205-11 | pmid=11172144 | doi=10.1056/NEJM200101183440308 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11172144  }} </ref><ref name="pmid32329971">{{cite journal| author=Arons MM, Hatfield KM, Reddy SC, Kimball A, James A, Jacobs JR | display-authors=etal| title=Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Transmission in a Skilled Nursing Facility. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2020 | volume= 382 | issue= 22 | pages= 2081-2090 | pmid=32329971 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2008457 | pmc=7200056 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32329971  }} </ref>

Revision as of 19:07, 14 August 2020

Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mydah Sajid, MD[1]

Sore throat in adults resident survival guide

Overview

Causes

Life-threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions that may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

  • Does not include any known cause

Common Causes

  • Viral upper respiratory tract infection (Adenovirus, rhinovirus, coronavirus, enterovirus, influenza A and B, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). [1][2][3]
  • Group A streptococcal (GAS) infection
  • Group C and G Streptococcus infection[4]
  • Arcanobacterium haemolyticum[4]
  • Fusobacterium necrophorum[5]
  • Mycoplasma and Chlamydia species[1]
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Acute HIV infection[6]
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  • Epstein-Barr virus and other herpes viruses cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV)[7]
  • allergic rhinitis, sinusitis
  • gastroesophageal reflux disease
  • smoking
  • inhalation of dry air (particularly in winters)
  • Vocal strain[8]
  • Medications: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, chemotherapeutic drugs[8]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Huovinen P, Lahtonen R, Ziegler T, Meurman O, Hakkarainen K, Miettinen A; et al. (1989). "Pharyngitis in adults: the presence and coexistence of viruses and bacterial organisms". Ann Intern Med. 110 (8): 612–6. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-110-8-612. PMID 2494921.
  2. ↑ Bisno AL (2001). "Acute pharyngitis". N Engl J Med. 344 (3): 205–11. doi:10.1056/NEJM200101183440308. PMID 11172144.
  3. ↑ Arons MM, Hatfield KM, Reddy SC, Kimball A, James A, Jacobs JR; et al. (2020). "Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Transmission in a Skilled Nursing Facility". N Engl J Med. 382 (22): 2081–2090. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2008457. PMC 7200056 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 32329971 Check |pmid= value (help).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Shulman ST, Bisno AL, Clegg HW, Gerber MA, Kaplan EL, Lee G; et al. (2012). "Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis: 2012 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America". Clin Infect Dis. 55 (10): 1279–82. doi:10.1093/cid/cis847. PMID 23091044.
  5. ↑ Centor RM, Atkinson TP, Ratliff AE, Xiao L, Crabb DM, Estrada CA; et al. (2015). "The clinical presentation of Fusobacterium-positive and streptococcal-positive pharyngitis in a university health clinic: a cross-sectional study". Ann Intern Med. 162 (4): 241–7. doi:10.7326/M14-1305. PMID 25686164.
  6. ↑ Tindall B, Barker S, Donovan B, Barnes T, Roberts J, Kronenberg C; et al. (1988). "Characterization of the acute clinical illness associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection". Arch Intern Med. 148 (4): 945–9. PMID 3258508.
  7. ↑ McMillan JA, Weiner LB, Higgins AM, Lamparella VJ (1993). "Pharyngitis associated with herpes simplex virus in college students". Pediatr Infect Dis J. 12 (4): 280–4. doi:10.1097/00006454-199304000-00004. PMID 8387178.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Renner B, Mueller CA, Shephard A (2012). "Environmental and non-infectious factors in the aetiology of pharyngitis (sore throat)". Inflamm Res. 61 (10): 1041–52. doi:10.1007/s00011-012-0540-9. PMC 3439613. PMID 22890476.
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