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====Evaluation==== | ====Evaluation==== | ||
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of [[sore throat]] in adults: | Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of [[sore throat]] in adults: | ||
{{Family tree/start}} | |||
{{Family tree | | | | A01 | | | |A01= Are Alarming clinical signs for upper airway obstruction or deep neck infection present? | |||
* “Hot potato” voice | |||
* Drooling | |||
* Stridor | |||
* Respiratory distress | |||
* “Tripod position” | |||
* Fever and chills | |||
* Severe unilateral sore throat | |||
* Bulging of the pharyngeal wall or soft palate | |||
* History of penetrating trauma to neck | |||
* Lockjaw | |||
* Crepitus | |||
* Neck stiffness | |||
{{Family tree | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | }} | |||
{{Family tree | B01 | | | | B02 |B01= Yes| B02= No}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
Revision as of 08:12, 15 August 2020
Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mydah Sajid, MD[1]
Sore throat in adults resident survival guide
Overview
Causes
Life-threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions that may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
- Does not include any known cause
Common Causes
- Viral upper respiratory tract infection (Adenovirus, rhinovirus, coronavirus, enterovirus, influenza A and B, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). [1][2][3]
- Group A streptococcal (GAS) infection
- Group C and G Streptococcus infection[4]
- Arcanobacterium haemolyticum[4]
- Fusobacterium necrophorum[5]
- Mycoplasma and Chlamydia species[1]
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Acute HIV infection[6]
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Epstein-Barr virus and other herpes viruses cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV)[7]
- allergic rhinitis, sinusitis
- gastroesophageal reflux disease
- smoking
- inhalation of dry air (particularly in winters)
- Vocal strain[8]
- Medications: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, chemotherapeutic drugs[8]
Evaluation
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of sore throat in adults:
{{Family tree | | | | A01 | | | |A01= Are Alarming clinical signs for upper airway obstruction or deep neck infection present?- “Hot potato” voice
- Drooling
- Stridor
- Respiratory distress
- “Tripod position”
- Fever and chills
- Severe unilateral sore throat
- Bulging of the pharyngeal wall or soft palate
- History of penetrating trauma to neck
- Lockjaw
- Crepitus
- Neck stiffness
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Huovinen P, Lahtonen R, Ziegler T, Meurman O, Hakkarainen K, Miettinen A; et al. (1989). "Pharyngitis in adults: the presence and coexistence of viruses and bacterial organisms". Ann Intern Med. 110 (8): 612–6. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-110-8-612. PMID 2494921.
- ↑ Bisno AL (2001). "Acute pharyngitis". N Engl J Med. 344 (3): 205–11. doi:10.1056/NEJM200101183440308. PMID 11172144.
- ↑ Arons MM, Hatfield KM, Reddy SC, Kimball A, James A, Jacobs JR; et al. (2020). "Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Transmission in a Skilled Nursing Facility". N Engl J Med. 382 (22): 2081–2090. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2008457. PMC 7200056 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 32329971 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ 4.0 4.1 Shulman ST, Bisno AL, Clegg HW, Gerber MA, Kaplan EL, Lee G; et al. (2012). "Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis: 2012 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America". Clin Infect Dis. 55 (10): 1279–82. doi:10.1093/cid/cis847. PMID 23091044.
- ↑ Centor RM, Atkinson TP, Ratliff AE, Xiao L, Crabb DM, Estrada CA; et al. (2015). "The clinical presentation of Fusobacterium-positive and streptococcal-positive pharyngitis in a university health clinic: a cross-sectional study". Ann Intern Med. 162 (4): 241–7. doi:10.7326/M14-1305. PMID 25686164.
- ↑ Tindall B, Barker S, Donovan B, Barnes T, Roberts J, Kronenberg C; et al. (1988). "Characterization of the acute clinical illness associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection". Arch Intern Med. 148 (4): 945–9. PMID 3258508.
- ↑ McMillan JA, Weiner LB, Higgins AM, Lamparella VJ (1993). "Pharyngitis associated with herpes simplex virus in college students". Pediatr Infect Dis J. 12 (4): 280–4. doi:10.1097/00006454-199304000-00004. PMID 8387178.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Renner B, Mueller CA, Shephard A (2012). "Environmental and non-infectious factors in the aetiology of pharyngitis (sore throat)". Inflamm Res. 61 (10): 1041–52. doi:10.1007/s00011-012-0540-9. PMC 3439613. PMID 22890476.
| Yes | No | ||||||||||||||||||