Sore throat resident survival guide: Difference between revisions
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===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
* Viral upper respiratory tract infection (Adenovirus, rhinovirus, coronavirus, enterovirus, influenza A and B, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). | *[[Viral gastroenteritis|Viral]] upper respiratory tract infection ([[Adenoviridae|Adenovirus]], [[rhinovirus]], [[coronavirus]], [[enterovirus]], [[Influenza|influenza A]] and B, [[Human parainfluenza viruses|parainfluenza virus]], [[Human respiratory syncytial virus|respiratory syncytial virus]], and [[Coronavirus-2|severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)]]. | ||
*[[Group A streptococcal infection|Group A streptococcal]] (GAS) infection | |||
* Group C and G Streptococcus infection | * Group C and G Streptococcus infection | ||
* Arcanobacterium haemolyticum<ref name="pmid23091044">{{cite journal| author=Shulman ST, Bisno AL, Clegg HW, Gerber MA, Kaplan EL, Lee G | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis: 2012 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2012 | volume= 55 | issue= 10 | pages= 1279-82 | pmid=23091044 | doi=10.1093/cid/cis847 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23091044 }} </ref> | * Arcanobacterium haemolyticum<ref name="pmid23091044">{{cite journal| author=Shulman ST, Bisno AL, Clegg HW, Gerber MA, Kaplan EL, Lee G | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis: 2012 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2012 | volume= 55 | issue= 10 | pages= 1279-82 | pmid=23091044 | doi=10.1093/cid/cis847 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23091044 }} </ref> | ||
* Fusobacterium necrophorum | * Fusobacterium necrophorum | ||
* Mycoplasma and Chlamydia species<ref name="pmid2494921">{{cite journal| author=Huovinen P, Lahtonen R, Ziegler T, Meurman O, Hakkarainen K, Miettinen A | display-authors=etal| title=Pharyngitis in adults: the presence and coexistence of viruses and bacterial organisms. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 1989 | volume= 110 | issue= 8 | pages= 612-6 | pmid=2494921 | doi=10.7326/0003-4819-110-8-612 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2494921 }} </ref> | * Mycoplasma and Chlamydia species<ref name="pmid2494921">{{cite journal| author=Huovinen P, Lahtonen R, Ziegler T, Meurman O, Hakkarainen K, Miettinen A | display-authors=etal| title=Pharyngitis in adults: the presence and coexistence of viruses and bacterial organisms. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 1989 | volume= 110 | issue= 8 | pages= 612-6 | pmid=2494921 | doi=10.7326/0003-4819-110-8-612 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2494921 }} </ref> | ||
* Corynebacterium diphtheriae | * Corynebacterium diphtheriae | ||
* Acute HIV infection | * Acute HIV infection | ||
* Neisseria gonorrhoeae | * Neisseria gonorrhoeae | ||
* Epstein-Barr virus and other herpes viruses cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) | * Epstein-Barr virus and other herpes viruses cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) | ||
* allergic rhinitis, sinusitis | * allergic rhinitis, sinusitis | ||
* gastroesophageal reflux disease | * gastroesophageal reflux disease | ||
* smoking | * smoking | ||
* inhalation of dry air (particularly in winters) | * inhalation of dry air (particularly in winters) | ||
* Vocal strain | * Vocal strain | ||
* Medications: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, chemotherapeutic drugs<ref name="pmid22890476">{{cite journal| author=Renner B, Mueller CA, Shephard A| title=Environmental and non-infectious factors in the aetiology of pharyngitis (sore throat). | journal=Inflamm Res | year= 2012 | volume= 61 | issue= 10 | pages= 1041-52 | pmid=22890476 | doi=10.1007/s00011-012-0540-9 | pmc=3439613 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22890476 }} </ref> | * Medications: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, chemotherapeutic drugs<ref name="pmid22890476">{{cite journal| author=Renner B, Mueller CA, Shephard A| title=Environmental and non-infectious factors in the aetiology of pharyngitis (sore throat). | journal=Inflamm Res | year= 2012 | volume= 61 | issue= 10 | pages= 1041-52 | pmid=22890476 | doi=10.1007/s00011-012-0540-9 | pmc=3439613 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22890476 }} </ref> | ||
Revision as of 18:40, 16 August 2020
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Synonyms and keywords:
Overview
Sore throat is one of the most common complaints among patients visiting their primary care physicians. In the United States, approximately 12 million ambulatory care visits are due to sore throat annually. It mostly occurs in children and adolescents. The etiology is mostly acute self- limiting viral infection. Group A streptococcal infection is the most common causative bacteria for acute pharyngitis in adults. As a physician, it is important to identify clinical signs for life-threatening airway obstruction and deep tissue infection and treat them promptly. This section provides a short and straight to the point overview of the sore throat in adults.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions that may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
- Does not include any known cause.
Common Causes
- Viral upper respiratory tract infection (Adenovirus, rhinovirus, coronavirus, enterovirus, influenza A and B, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).
- Group A streptococcal (GAS) infection
- Group C and G Streptococcus infection
- Arcanobacterium haemolyticum[1]
- Fusobacterium necrophorum
- Mycoplasma and Chlamydia species[2]
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Acute HIV infection
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Epstein-Barr virus and other herpes viruses cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV)
- allergic rhinitis, sinusitis
- gastroesophageal reflux disease
- smoking
- inhalation of dry air (particularly in winters)
- Vocal strain
- Medications: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, chemotherapeutic drugs[3]
Diagnosis
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.
Treatment
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.
Do's
- The content in this section is in bullet points.
Don'ts
- The content in this section is in bullet points.
References
- ↑ Shulman ST, Bisno AL, Clegg HW, Gerber MA, Kaplan EL, Lee G; et al. (2012). "Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis: 2012 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America". Clin Infect Dis. 55 (10): 1279–82. doi:10.1093/cid/cis847. PMID 23091044.
- ↑ Huovinen P, Lahtonen R, Ziegler T, Meurman O, Hakkarainen K, Miettinen A; et al. (1989). "Pharyngitis in adults: the presence and coexistence of viruses and bacterial organisms". Ann Intern Med. 110 (8): 612–6. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-110-8-612. PMID 2494921.
- ↑ Renner B, Mueller CA, Shephard A (2012). "Environmental and non-infectious factors in the aetiology of pharyngitis (sore throat)". Inflamm Res. 61 (10): 1041–52. doi:10.1007/s00011-012-0540-9. PMC 3439613. PMID 22890476.