Cushing's syndrome resident survival guide

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

This section provides a short and straight to the point overview of the disease or symptom. The first sentence of the overview must contain the name of the disease.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

• Life threatening cause 1
• Life threatening cause 2
• Life threatening cause 3

Common Causes

• Common cause 1
• Common cause 2
• Common cause 3
• Common cause 4
• Common cause 5

Diagnosis

Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome according to the Endocrine Society clinical guidelines.

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Symptoms suggestive of Cushing’s syndrome: Osteoporosis unusual for the age Refractory hypertension Facial edema resulting in Moon-like face Central obesity Proximal muscle weakness Abdominal striae Easy bruising Menstrual abnormalities: oligomenorrhea Mood disorders, depression Hirtuism

Take a detailed history of the patient including medication history. Rule out the use of any exogenous topical, oral, parenteral, or inhaled glucocorticoid and synthetic progesterone.

Perform any two of the following three laboratory investigations: Measure late-night levels of salivary cortisol (twice) Measure 24 hours urinary free cortisol (UFC) excretion (twice) Perform low-dose (1mg) overnight dexamethasone suppression test (DST)

Two of the following abnormal results: Elevated levels of late-night salivary cortisol 24 hours UFC threefold greater than the upper reference range. Early morning (8 am) sample having serum cortisol 1.8 mcg/dL or higher after overnight DST

Any one abnormal result

High suspicion for Cushing's syndrome

Low suspicion for Cushing's syndrome

Measure late night plasma ACTH levels

Refer to endocrinologist

Low value plasma ACTH <5 pg/mL

Indeterminate values of plasma ACTH between 5 to 20 pg/mL

High value plasma ACTH >20 pg/mL

CRH or desmopressin stimulation test

No ACTH response

+ ACTH response

ACTH independent Cushing syndrome

ACTH dependent Cushing syndrome

CT scan/ MRI of adrenal glands to look for adrenal tumors or hyperplasia.

Perform both tests: CRH or desmopressin stimulation test High dose (8mg) overnight DST

Adequate suppresion of early morning serum cortisol (with levels less than 5 mcg/dL) and stimulation with CRH

Negative or equivocal response

MRI of the pituitary

Tumor >6mm

Tumor <6mm or no mass lesion

Cushing's disease

Perform Inferior petrosal sinus sampling.

Central step-up

No Central step-up

Ectopic ACTH production

Treatment

Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.

Do's

• The content in this section is in bullet points.

Don'ts

• The content in this section is in bullet points.

References

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