Dizziness resident survival guide: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Dizziness is a complex and subjective complaint that encompasses a wide spectrum of symptomatology.<ref name="pmid19365263">{{cite journal| author=Chan Y| title=Differential diagnosis of dizziness. | journal=Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg | year= 2009 | volume= 17 | issue= 3 | pages= 200-3 | pmid=19365263 | doi=10.1097/MOO.0b013e32832b2594 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19365263 }} </ref> It is one of the most common presenting | [[Dizziness]] is a complex and subjective complaint that encompasses a wide [[spectrum]] of [[symptomatology]].<ref name="pmid19365263">{{cite journal| author=Chan Y| title=Differential diagnosis of dizziness. | journal=Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg | year= 2009 | volume= 17 | issue= 3 | pages= 200-3 | pmid=19365263 | doi=10.1097/MOO.0b013e32832b2594 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19365263 }} </ref> It is one of the most common presenting [[symptoms]] among patients seen by emergency medical [[physicians]], [[primary care]] physicians, [[neurologists]], and [[otolaryngologists]].<ref name="pmid19365263">{{cite journal| author=Chan Y| title=Differential diagnosis of dizziness. | journal=Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg | year= 2009 | volume= 17 | issue= 3 | pages= 200-3 | pmid=19365263 | doi=10.1097/MOO.0b013e32832b2594 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19365263 }} </ref> | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Life Threatening Causes=== | ===Life Threatening Causes=== | ||
Life-threatening causes include conditions that may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. | Life-threatening causes include conditions that may result in death or permanent [[disability]] within 24 hours if left untreated. | ||
*Electrolyte imbalance | *[[Electrolyte imbalance]] | ||
*Traumatic brain injury | *[[Traumatic brain injury]] | ||
* | *[[Heatstroke]] | ||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
*Hypotension | *[[Hypotension]] | ||
*Dehydration | *[[Dehydration]] | ||
*Hypoglycemia | *[[Hypoglycemia]] | ||
*Arrhythmias | *[[Arrhythmias]] | ||
*Stroke | *[[Stroke]] | ||
*Labyrinthitis | *[[Labyrinthitis]] | ||
*Meniere's disease | *[[Meniere's disease]] | ||
*BPV | *[[BPV]] | ||
*Medication effects | *[[Medication effects]] | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of dizziness according to the American Academy of Neurology guidelines. | Shown below is an [[algorithm]] summarizing the [[diagnosis]] of [[dizziness]] according to the American Academy of Neurology guidelines. | ||
{{familytree/start |summary=PE diagnosis Algorithm.}} | {{familytree/start |summary=PE diagnosis Algorithm.}} | ||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 |A01= Patient with | {{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 |A01= Patient with [[dizzines]]s}} | ||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| }} | {{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| }} | ||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 |A01= Presentation periodical or sustained?}} | {{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 |A01= Presentation periodical or sustained?}} | ||
| Line 34: | Line 34: | ||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | F01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | F02 |F01= Periodical|F02= Sustained}} | {{familytree | | | | | | | | | F01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | F02 |F01= Periodical|F02= Sustained}} | ||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| }} | {{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| }} | ||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | F01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | F02 |F01= Provoked or unprovoked?|F02= History of intoxication or trauma, or unknown?}} | {{familytree | | | | | | | | | F01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | F02 |F01= Provoked or unprovoked?|F02= History of [[intoxication]] or [[trauma]], or unknown?}} | ||
{{familytree | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | }} | {{familytree | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | }} | ||
{{familytree | | | F01 | | | | | | | | | | F02 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | F03 | | | | | | | | | | F04 | | |F01= Provoked |F02= Unprovoked |F03= History of intoxication |F04= Unknown }} | {{familytree | | | F01 | | | | | | | | | | F02 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | F03 | | | | | | | | | | F04 | | |F01= Provoked |F02= Unprovoked |F03= History of [[intoxication]] |F04= Unknown }} | ||
{{familytree | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | }} | {{familytree | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | }} | ||
{{familytree | | | F01 | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | F02 | | |F01= Apply Dix-Hallpike maneuver |F02= Physical examination }} | {{familytree | | | F01 | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | F02 | | |F01= Apply [[Dix-Hallpike maneuver]] |F02= [[Physical examination]] }} | ||
{{familytree/end}} | {{familytree/end}} | ||
==Do's== | ==Do's== | ||
Revision as of 14:54, 19 August 2020
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Moises Romo M.D.
Overview
Dizziness is a complex and subjective complaint that encompasses a wide spectrum of symptomatology.[1] It is one of the most common presenting symptoms among patients seen by emergency medical physicians, primary care physicians, neurologists, and otolaryngologists.[1]
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions that may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Common Causes
- Hypotension
- Dehydration
- Hypoglycemia
- Arrhythmias
- Stroke
- Labyrinthitis
- Meniere's disease
- BPV
- Medication effects
Diagnosis
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of dizziness according to the American Academy of Neurology guidelines.
| Patient with dizziness | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Presentation periodical or sustained? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Periodical | Sustained | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provoked or unprovoked? | History of intoxication or trauma, or unknown? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provoked | Unprovoked | History of intoxication | Unknown | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Apply Dix-Hallpike maneuver | Physical examination | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Do's
- The content in this section is in bullet points.
Don'ts
- The content in this section is in bullet points.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Chan Y (2009). "Differential diagnosis of dizziness". Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 17 (3): 200–3. doi:10.1097/MOO.0b013e32832b2594. PMID 19365263.