Anemia resident survival guide: Difference between revisions
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'''[[Hypothyroidism]]'''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://journals.lww.com/theendocrinologist/Abstract/1998/03000/Hematologic_Manifestations_of_Thyroid_Disease.6.aspx |title=Hematologic Manifestations of Thyroid Disease. : The Endocrinologist |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><br> | '''[[Hypothyroidism]]'''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://journals.lww.com/theendocrinologist/Abstract/1998/03000/Hematologic_Manifestations_of_Thyroid_Disease.6.aspx |title=Hematologic Manifestations of Thyroid Disease. : The Endocrinologist |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><br> | ||
:❑ [[Cold intolerance]]<br> ❑ [[Weight gain]]<br> ❑ [[Constipation]]<br> ❑ [[Goiter]]<br> ❑ [[Periorbital edema]]|G03=<div style="float: left; text-align: left; padding:1em;"> | :❑ [[Cold intolerance]]<br> ❑ [[Weight gain]]<br> ❑ [[Constipation]]<br> ❑ [[Goiter]]<br> ❑ [[Periorbital edema]]|G03=<div style="float: left; text-align: left; padding:1em;"> | ||
'''[[Hemolytic anemia]]'''<br> | '''[[Hemolytic anemia]]'''<ref name="pmid30215915">{{cite journal| author=Phillips J, Henderson AC| title=Hemolytic Anemia: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2018 | volume= 98 | issue= 6 | pages= 354-361 | pmid=30215915 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30215915 }} </ref><br> | ||
:❑ [[Family history]] of [[anemia]]<br> ❑ [[African-American]] or [[African]] race<br> ❑ [[Fava bean|Fava beans]]<br> ❑ [[Medication|Medications]]<br> ❑ [[Prosthetic heart valve]]<br> ❑ [[Jaundice]]<br> ❑ [[Hemoglobinuria]]<br> ❑ [[Splenomegaly]]<br> ❑ [[Gallstone|Gallstones]]<br> | :❑ [[Family history]] of [[anemia]]<br> ❑ [[African-American]] or [[African]] race<br> ❑ [[Fava bean|Fava beans]]<br> ❑ [[Medication|Medications]]<br> ❑ [[Prosthetic heart valve]]<br> ❑ [[Jaundice]]<br> ❑ [[Hemoglobinuria]]<br> ❑ [[Splenomegaly]]<br> ❑ [[Gallstone|Gallstones]]<br> | ||
'''[[Hemorrhage]] or [[Blood loss]]'''<br> | '''[[Hemorrhage]] or [[Blood loss]]'''<br> | ||
:❑ [[Hypotension]]<br> ❑ [[Tachycardia]]<br> | :❑ [[Hypotension]]<br> ❑ [[Tachycardia]]<br> | ||
'''[[Infection|Infections]]'''<br> | '''[[Infection|Infections]]'''<ref name="pmid23324217">{{cite journal| author=Bustinduy AL, Parraga IM, Thomas CL, Mungai PL, Mutuku F, Muchiri EM | display-authors=etal| title=Impact of polyparasitic infections on anemia and undernutrition among Kenyan children living in a Schistosoma haematobium-endemic area. | journal=Am J Trop Med Hyg | year= 2013 | volume= 88 | issue= 3 | pages= 433-40 | pmid=23324217 | doi=10.4269/ajtmh.12-0552 | pmc=3592521 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23324217 }} </ref><br> | ||
:❑ [[Travel History]]<br> ❑ [[Fever]]<br> | :❑ [[Travel History]]<br> ❑ [[Fever]]<br> | ||
'''[[Aplastic anemia]]'''<br> | '''[[Aplastic anemia]]'''<ref name="DolbergLevy2014">{{cite journal|last1=Dolberg|first1=Osnat Jarchowsky|last2=Levy|first2=Yair|title=Idiopathic aplastic anemia: Diagnosis and classification|journal=Autoimmunity Reviews|volume=13|issue=4-5|year=2014|pages=569–573|issn=15689972|doi=10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.014}}</ref><br> | ||
:❑ [[History]] of [[radiation]] exposure<br> ❑ [[Medication|Medications]] ([[benzene]], [[chloramphenicol]], [[alkylating agent|alkylating agents]])<br> ❑ [[Viral infection]] ([[EBV]], [[HIV]])<br> | :❑ [[History]] of [[radiation]] exposure<br> ❑ [[Medication|Medications]] ([[benzene]], [[chloramphenicol]], [[alkylating agent|alkylating agents]])<br> ❑ [[Viral infection]] ([[EBV]], [[HIV]])<br> | ||
'''[[Leukemia]]'''<br> | '''[[Leukemia]]'''<ref name="pmid24784336">{{cite journal| author=Davis AS, Viera AJ, Mead MD| title=Leukemia: an overview for primary care. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2014 | volume= 89 | issue= 9 | pages= 731-8 | pmid=24784336 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24784336 }} </ref><br> | ||
:❑ Family [[history]] of [[cancer]]<br> ❑ [[Chemotherapy]]<br> ❑ Exposure to [[radiation]], [[pesticide]], [[insecticide]]<br> ❑ [[Petechiae]]<br> ❑ [[Bleeding]]<br> ❑ Recurrent [[infection|infections]]<br> ❑ [[Weight loss]]<br> ❑ [[Anorexia]]<br> ❑ [[Hepatosplenomegaly]]<br> ❑ [[Lymphadenopathy]]<br>}} | :❑ Family [[history]] of [[cancer]]<br> ❑ [[Chemotherapy]]<br> ❑ Exposure to [[radiation]], [[pesticide]], [[insecticide]]<br> ❑ [[Petechiae]]<br> ❑ [[Bleeding]]<br> ❑ Recurrent [[infection|infections]]<br> ❑ [[Weight loss]]<br> ❑ [[Anorexia]]<br> ❑ [[Hepatosplenomegaly]]<br> ❑ [[Lymphadenopathy]]<br>}} | ||
{{familytree/end}} | {{familytree/end}} |
Revision as of 14:11, 31 August 2020
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: ; Chetan Lokhande, M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Anemia is defined as a decrease in oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood . It is measured in unit volume concentrations of hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell volume (MCV), red blood cell number (RBC count).
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions that may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.[1][2]
- Aplastic anemia
- Sickle cell anemia
- Hemolytic anemia
- Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
- Severe thalassemia
- Fanconi anemia
- Malaria
- Myelodysplastic syndrome
- Severe Hemorrhage
- Acute leukemia
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
Common causes
Common causes of anemia include:[3][4][5]
For a complete list of hemolytic anemia causes, click here
- Pregnancy
- Anemia of chronic disease
- Lead poisoning
- Liver disease
- Chronic renal disease
- Splenomegaly
- Bone marrow suppression
- Alcoholism
For a complete list of anemia causes, click here
Diagnosis
Management
Abbreviations and Formula
MCV = mean cell volume RDW = Red blood cell distribution width TIBC = total iron binding capacity
Do's
- Investigating and treating the underlying cause is the crucial part of anemia management.
- Pregnant women must be screened for iron deficiency and folate deficiency.
- A well-balanced diet rich in iron and vitamins must be prescribed.
- In iron deficiency anemia, advice vitamin C rich diet like citrus fruits. Vitamin C helps in iron absorption.
Don'ts
- Do not give folic acid supplementation unless Vitamin B12 deficiency is ruled out.
- Avoid food items (e.g., coffee, tea, egg whites) in iron deficiency anemia as they decrease the absorption of iron in the body.
References
- ↑ "Acute Anemia - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf".
- ↑ Chaparro CM, Suchdev PS (August 2019). "Anemia epidemiology, pathophysiology, and etiology in low- and middle-income countries". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1450 (1): 15–31. doi:10.1111/nyas.14092. PMC 6697587 Check
|pmc=
value (help). PMID 31008520. - ↑ Chaparro CM, Suchdev PS (2019). "Anemia epidemiology, pathophysiology, and etiology in low- and middle-income countries". Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1450 (1): 15–31. doi:10.1111/nyas.14092. PMC 6697587 Check
|pmc=
value (help). PMID 31008520. - ↑ "Anemia - Clinical Methods - NCBI Bookshelf".
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Phillips J, Henderson AC (2018). "Hemolytic Anemia: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis". Am Fam Physician. 98 (6): 354–361. PMID 30215915.
- ↑ Green R, Datta Mitra A (2017). "Megaloblastic Anemias: Nutritional and Other Causes". Med Clin North Am. 101 (2): 297–317. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2016.09.013. PMID 28189172.
- ↑ Camaschella, Clara; Longo, Dan L. (2015). "Iron-Deficiency Anemia". New England Journal of Medicine. 372 (19): 1832–1843. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1401038. ISSN 0028-4793.
- ↑ Muncie HL, Campbell J (2009). "Alpha and beta thalassemia". Am Fam Physician. 80 (4): 339–44. PMID 19678601.
- ↑ Bain, Barbara J (2014). "Lead poisoning". American Journal of Hematology. 89 (12): 1141–1141. doi:10.1002/ajh.23852. ISSN 0361-8609.
- ↑ Bottomley, Sylvia S.; Fleming, Mark D. (2014). "Sideroblastic Anemia". Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 28 (4): 653–670. doi:10.1016/j.hoc.2014.04.008. ISSN 0889-8588.
- ↑ Roy, Cindy N. (2010). "Anemia of Inflammation". Hematology. 2010 (1): 276–280. doi:10.1182/asheducation-2010.1.276. ISSN 1520-4391.
- ↑ Hunt A, Harrington D, Robinson S (2014). "Vitamin B12 deficiency". BMJ. 349: g5226. doi:10.1136/bmj.g5226. PMID 25189324.
- ↑ Hoffbrand AV (1977). "Pathology of folate deficiency". Proc R Soc Med. 70 (2): 82–4. PMC 1542974. PMID 558612.
- ↑ "Folic Acid (Folate) Deficiency - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf".
- ↑ Marks, Peter W. (2013). "Hematologic Manifestations of Liver Disease". Seminars in Hematology. 50 (3): 216–221. doi:10.1053/j.seminhematol.2013.06.003. ISSN 0037-1963.
- ↑ "Hematologic Manifestations of Thyroid Disease. : The Endocrinologist".
- ↑ Bustinduy AL, Parraga IM, Thomas CL, Mungai PL, Mutuku F, Muchiri EM; et al. (2013). "Impact of polyparasitic infections on anemia and undernutrition among Kenyan children living in a Schistosoma haematobium-endemic area". Am J Trop Med Hyg. 88 (3): 433–40. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.12-0552. PMC 3592521. PMID 23324217.
- ↑ Dolberg, Osnat Jarchowsky; Levy, Yair (2014). "Idiopathic aplastic anemia: Diagnosis and classification". Autoimmunity Reviews. 13 (4–5): 569–573. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.014. ISSN 1568-9972.
- ↑ Davis AS, Viera AJ, Mead MD (2014). "Leukemia: an overview for primary care". Am Fam Physician. 89 (9): 731–8. PMID 24784336.