Tinnitus

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2] Sabeeh Islam, MBBS[3]

Causes of subjective tinnitus

Common Causes

Sensorineural hearing loss:

• Ototoxicity
• Presbycusis
• Noise induced hearing loss
• Late onset congenital hearing loss
• Idiopathic

Cochlear injury:

• Ménière disease
• Loop diuretics
• Platinum based chemotherapy
• Antibiotics
• Salicylate
• Trauma

Vascular causes:

• Systemic hypertension
• Sickle cell anemia
• Small vessel disease
• Hypercholesterolemia
• Hypercoagulable state
• Diabetic vasculopathy

CNS causes:

• Pseudotumor cerebri
• Stroke
• Vascular malformations
• Tumor
• Sarcoid
• Multiple sclerosis

Infections:

• Rubella
• Cytomegalovirus
• Chronic otitis media
• Neurosyphilis
• Measles
• Lyme disease
• Meningitis

Bone disease:

• Otosclerosis
• Fibrous dysplasia
• Osteogenesis imperfecta
• Paget disease

Metabolic disorders:

• Hyperparathyroidism
• Chronic renal failure
• Diabetes mellitus
• Thyroid disease

Autoimmune diseases:

• Autoimmune inner ear disease
• SLE
• Rheumatoid arthritis

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

• Early clinical features include
• If left untreated, patients may progress to
• Common complications of