Tinnitus: Difference between revisions
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==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
* In the early 19th century, Frenchman and Jean Marie Gaspard Itard introduced the concept of masking. They were the first ones to differentiate between subjective and objective tinnitus. | |||
* Later in the 19th Century, with the introduction of germ theory and anesthesia, surgical therapy such as incudectomy was established. | |||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
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====Medications:==== | ====Medications:==== | ||
* ACE inhibitors | *ACE inhibitors | ||
* Antimalarial medications | *Antimalarial medications | ||
* Aminoglycosides | *Aminoglycosides | ||
* Dapsone | *Dapsone | ||
* Doxazosin | *Doxazosin | ||
* Calcium channel blockers | *Calcium channel blockers | ||
* Benzodiazepines | *Benzodiazepines | ||
* Cisplatin | *Cisplatin | ||
* Clarithromycin | *Clarithromycin | ||
* COX-2 inhibitors | *COX-2 inhibitors | ||
* Loop diuretics | *Loop diuretics | ||
* Tricyclic antidepressant<br /> | *Tricyclic antidepressant<br /> | ||
==Differential Diagnosis of Tinnitus== | ==Differential Diagnosis of Tinnitus== | ||
Revision as of 23:44, 31 August 2020
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WikiDoc Resources for Tinnitus |
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Articles |
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Most recent articles on Tinnitus |
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Media |
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Evidence Based Medicine |
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Clinical Trials |
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Ongoing Trials on Tinnitus at Clinical Trials.gov Clinical Trials on Tinnitus at Google
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Guidelines / Policies / Govt |
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US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Tinnitus
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Books |
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News |
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Commentary |
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Definitions |
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Patient Resources / Community |
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Tinnitus Risk calculators and risk factors for Tinnitus
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Healthcare Provider Resources |
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Causes & Risk Factors for Tinnitus |
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Continuing Medical Education (CME) |
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International |
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Business |
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Experimental / Informatics |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2] Sabeeh Islam, MBBS[3]
Overview
Historical Perspective
- In the early 19th century, Frenchman and Jean Marie Gaspard Itard introduced the concept of masking. They were the first ones to differentiate between subjective and objective tinnitus.
- Later in the 19th Century, with the introduction of germ theory and anesthesia, surgical therapy such as incudectomy was established.
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes of subjective tinnitus
Common Causes
Sensorineural hearing loss:
- Ototoxicity
- Presbycusis
- Noise induced hearing loss
- Late onset congenital hearing loss
- Idiopathic
Cochlear injury:
- Ménière disease
- Loop diuretics
- Platinum based chemotherapy
- Antibiotics
- Salicylate
- Trauma
Vascular causes:
- Systemic hypertension
- Sickle cell anemia
- Small vessel disease
- Hypercholesterolemia
- Hypercoagulable state
- Diabetic vasculopathy
CNS causes:
- Pseudotumor cerebri
- Stroke
- Vascular malformations
- Tumor
- Sarcoid
- Multiple sclerosis
Infections:
- Rubella
- Cytomegalovirus
- Chronic otitis media
- Neurosyphilis
- Measles
- Lyme disease
- Meningitis
Bone disease:
- Otosclerosis
- Fibrous dysplasia
- Osteogenesis imperfecta
- Paget disease
Metabolic disorders:
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Chronic renal failure
- Diabetes mellitus
- Thyroid disease
Autoimmune diseases:
- Autoimmune inner ear disease
- SLE
- Rheumatoid arthritis
Medications:
- ACE inhibitors
- Antimalarial medications
- Aminoglycosides
- Dapsone
- Doxazosin
- Calcium channel blockers
- Benzodiazepines
- Cisplatin
- Clarithromycin
- COX-2 inhibitors
- Loop diuretics
- Tricyclic antidepressant
Differential Diagnosis of Tinnitus
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
- Early clinical features include
- If left untreated, patients may progress to
- Common complications of