Traumatic brain injury physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Joanna Ekabua, M.D. [2]

Overview

Common physical examination findings of traumatic brain injury include

• Neurologic deficit
  • Motor and sensory skills
  • Hearing and speech
  • Coordination and balance
  • Mental status
  • Mood or behavior changes
• Normal to abnormal Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS).

Physical Exams

Common physical examination findings of traumatic brain injury include

• Signs of physical trauma to the skull.
• Neurologic deficit
  • Motor and sensory skills
  • Hearing and speech
  • Coordination and balance
  • Mental status
  • Mood or behavior changes
• Normal to abnormal Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). GCS is considered to be the best single predictor of good or bad outcome following penetrating head injury. Survival rate is 0-8.1%, 35.6% and 90.5% for GCS scores of 3-5, 6-8 and 9-15 respectively
  • GCS 8-15 and somnolence: Sleepy, easy to wake
  • GCS 8-15 and stupor: Hypnoid, hard to wake
  • GCS ≥ 13: Mild Head Injury
  • GCS 9–12: Moderate Head Injury
  • GCS ≤ 8: Severe Head Injury
  • GCS 7-8: Light coma; Coma Grade I
  • GCS 5-6: Light coma; Coma Grade II
  • GCS 4: Deep coma; Coma Grade III
  • GCS 3: Deep coma; Coma Grade IV

{{#ev:youtube|FihnmEx6Rqk}} Head injured people with signs of moderate or severe TBI should receive immediate emergency medical attention.

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