Weight loss resident survival guide

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Javaria Anwer M.D.[2]
Synonyms and keywords: weight loss management guide, unintentional weight loss management guide, loss of weight resident survival guide, pathologic weight loss resident survival guide.

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Overview
Causes
Management
Do's
Don'ts

Overview

Weight loss may be intentional or unintentional.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

• Life threatening cause 1
• Life threatening cause 2
• Life threatening cause 3

Common Causes

• Common cause 1
• Common cause 2

The chart below demonstrates the cause of unintentional weight loss in adult population. The percentage of occurrences based upon data from three studies on elder individuals.

Causes of weight loss

Intentional weight loss

Unintentional weight loss

Non-Malignant

Malignant (19 - 36%) ❑ Gastrointestinal: Oesophageal cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, and rectal cancer. ❑ Renal: Renal cancer and renal pelvis cancer. ❑ Pulmonary: Bronchial cancer and lung cancer ❑ Hepato-pancreatic: HCC, pancreatic cancer, intra-hepatic bile duct cancer. ❑ Genitourinary: Ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, prostate cancer, ureter cancer, bladder cancer ❑ Hematologic: Hodgkin's lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ❑ Breast cancer ❑ Malignant neoplasms

Infectious (2 - 8%)

Autoimmune (2 - 7%) ❑ SLE ❑ Rheumatoid arthritis ❑ Polyarteritis nodosa ❑ Polymyalgia rheumatica ❑ Giant cell arteritis with polymyalgia rheumatica

Psychologic/ Psychiatric (9 - 42%) ❑ Depression ❑ Bipolar disorder ❑ Somatoform disorder ❑ Schizophrenia ❑ OCD ❑ Anxiety ❑ Dementia ❑ Social exclusion or rejection ❑ Neglect ❑ Disability

Organ system based ❑ Gastrointestinal (6 - 19%): Gastric and duodenal ulcers, IBD, celiac disease, malabsorption, steatorrhea, vascular disorders affecting intestines, non-infective gastroenteritis and colitis, swallowing pathologies, and dental issues. ❑ Renal (4%): Pyelonephritis, nephritic syndrome, and nephrotic syndrome ❑ Cardiopulmonary (2-10%): Heart failure, lung abscess (without pneumonia), interstitial lung disease (fibrotic or idiopathic), pleural effusion, and pyothorax (without fistula). ❑ Neurologic (2 - 7%): Stroke, parkinson's disease, and motor neuron disease. ❑ Endocrine (4 - 11%): Type I diabetes, type 2 diabetes, hyperthyroidism, primary hyperparathyroidism, and subacute thyroiditis.

Drug-induced (6 - 8%) ❑ Cocaine ❑ Opioids ❑ Alcohol (4 - 8%) ❑ Psychedelic drugs,

Unexplained / Unknown (6 - 36%)

• To read about other causes of unintentional weight loss click here.

Diagnosis

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Treatment

Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.

Do's

• Perform a thorough physical exam to evaluate for cause of weight loss.

Don'ts

• The content in this section is in bullet points.

References

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