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| | {| class="infobox" style="margin: 0 0 0 0; border: 0; float: right; width: 5%; background: #A8A8A8; position: fixed; top: 250px; right: 20px; border-radius: 10px 10px 10px 10px;" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"; |
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| | ! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 80%; background: #A8A8A8;" align=center| {{fontcolor|#2B3B44|Acute leukemia<BR>Resident Survival Guide}} |
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| | ! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC; border-radius: 5px 5px 5px 5px;" align=left | [[{{PAGENAME}}#Overview|Overview]] |
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| | ! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC; border-radius: 5px 5px 5px 5px;" align=left | [[{{PAGENAME}}#Causes|Causes]] |
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| | ! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC; border-radius: 5px 5px 5px 5px;" align=left | [[{{PAGENAME}}#FIRE: Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation|FIRE]] |
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| | ! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC; border-radius: 5px 5px 5px 5px;" align=left | [[{{PAGENAME}}#Complete Diagnostic Approach|Diagnosis]] |
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| | ! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC; border-radius: 5px 5px 5px 5px;" align=left | [[{{PAGENAME}}#Treatment|Treatment]] |
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| | ! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC; border-radius: 5px 5px 5px 5px;" align=left | [[{{PAGENAME}}#Do's|Do's]] |
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| | ! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC; border-radius: 5px 5px 5px 5px;" align=left | [[{{PAGENAME}}#Don'ts|Don'ts]] |
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| __NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
| {{Hypokalemia}}
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| There are appropriate measures as secondary prevention of hypokalemia in patients, who are susceptible more or have ongoing potassium losses, including:<ref> {{cite book | last = Mandal | first = Anil | title = Textbook of nephrology | publisher = Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd | location = New Delhi | year = 2014 | isbn = 9789350905326 }}</ref>
| | {{CMG}}; |
| :*Prescription of potassium chloride 20 mg BID: Patients with congestive heart failure and edematous conditions such as cirrhosis have to take it regularly
| | == Overview == |
| :*Administration of Proton Pomp Inhibitors and H2 blocker drugs: It can inhibit bicarbonate formation in the stomach and its absorption, as well as limiting potassium loss.
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| :*Prescription of potassium-sparing medications, such as Amiloride 1.25-2.5 mg BID
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| ===Prevention of hypokalemia in patients using diuretics===
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| Administering K-sparing diuretics is the most suitable preventive option. However, hyperkalemia should be considered in patients with diabetes and older cases.<ref name="pmid11539714">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hollenberg NK |title=Preventing hypokalemia |journal=Complicat Card Patient |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=2, 32 |date=1987 |pmid=11539714 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
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| ===Prevention of hypokalemia in critically-ill cases=== | | == Causes == |
| Prescribing potassium preventively (72-144 mmol/L daily) as a maintenance therapy for ill patients with normal K+ and Cr on admission would decrease harmful hypokalemia episodes, and severe nursing cares.<ref name="KlionsMenhart2014">{{cite journal|last1=Klions|first1=Howard A.|last2=Menhart|first2=Cinderella J.|last3=Fridline|first3=Mark|last4=Scotto|first4=Carrie J.|title=Preventing Hypokalemia in Critically Ill Patients|journal=American Journal of Critical Care|volume=23|issue=2|year=2014|pages=145–149|issn=1062-3264|doi=10.4037/ajcc2014946}}</ref>
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| ===Prevention of hypokalemia in patients undergoing abdominal surgery=== | | == FIRE == |
| One of the most frequent drawbacks of extreme abdominal operations is hypokalemia. For inhibiting drug-induced hypokalemia, medications' complications must be considered. Moreover, blood sampling for screening the potassium (once on admission and four times after that) and administrating potassium supplements would result in better detection, treatment, and fast track recovery of cases who are undergoing abdominal operations. <ref name="pmid24384576">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lu G, Yan Q, Huang Y, Zhong Y, Shi P |title=Prevention and control system of hypokalemia in fast recovery after abdominal surgery |journal=Curr Ther Res Clin Exp |volume=74 |issue= |pages=68–73 |date=June 2013 |pmid=24384576 |pmc=3862196 |doi=10.1016/j.curtheres.2013.02.004 |url=}}</ref>
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| | == Diagnosis == |
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| | == Treatment == |
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| | == Do's == |
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| | == Don'ts == |
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
| {{Reflist|2}}
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| [[Category:Needs content]]
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| [[Category:Electrophysiology]]
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| [[Category:Cardiology]]
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| [[Category:Endocrinology]]
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| [[Category:Emergency medicine]]
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| [[Category:Nephrology]]
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| [[Category:Electrolyte disturbance]]
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| [[Category:Blood tests]]
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| [[Category:Intensive care medicine]]
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| | {{reflist|2}} |
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| {{WH}}
| | [[Category:Disease]] |
| {{WS}}
| | [[Category:Oncology]] |
| | [[Category:Medicine]] |
| | [[Category:Resident survival guide]] |