Vertigo

Resident Survival Guide Vertigo in Children

Vertigo Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Vertigo from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Study of Choice
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X-ray
Echocardiography and Ultrasound
CT
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Vertigo On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Vertigo All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Vertigo
CDC on Vertigo
Vertigo in the news
Blogs on Vertigo
Directions to Hospitals Treating Vertigo
Risk calculators and risk factors for Vertigo

For patient information, click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Zehra Malik, M.B.B.S[2]

Synonyms and keywords:

Classification

<nowiki>

Classification of Vertigo

Based on Location of Dysfunction

Peripheral

Central

D01' D01

D02' D02

Meniere’s disease Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo Acute labyrinthitis Acute vestibular neuronitis Cholesteatoma Otosclerosis Perilymphatic fistula

Brainstem Stroke Vestibular Migraine Multiple Sclerosis

Causes

• Peripheral causes of vertigo includes:

Disease	Pathophysiology	Main Feature
Ménière’s disease	Increased endolymph volume in semicircular canals	Recurrent vertigo, aural fullness, hearing loss and tinnitus
Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo	Dislodged otoliths stimulate vestibular sense organ	Recurrent vertigo, nausea, vomiting, torsional nystagmus
Acute labyrinthitis	Inflammation of labyrinth/ viral or bacterial	Temporary hearing loss, vertigo, off balance, tinnitus
Acute vestibular neuritis	Inflammation of vestibular nerve caused by viral infection	Vertigo, hearing intact
Cholesteatoma	Cyst/sac of keratin debris in middle ear	Fullness/pressure in the ear, vertigo, hearing loss, pain
Otosclerosis	Abnormal bone growth in middle ear	Vertigo, tinnitus and, sensorineural hearing loss
Perilymphatic fistula	Abnormal connection between the middle ear and inner ear	Fullness/pressure in the ear, vertigo, hearing loss/sensitive hearing

Differentiating Vertigo from other Diseases

• Vertigo must be differentiated from other diseases that cause imbalance, dizziness, and lightheadedness.

Epidemiology and Demographics

• Among the patient who presents with dizziness in the primary care setting, fifty-four percent have vertigo upon investigation.