Vertigo: Difference between revisions
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* '''Peripheral''' causes of vertigo includes: | * '''Peripheral''' causes of vertigo includes: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|'''Disease''' || | |'''Disease''' || '''Main Feature''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Ménière’s disease]] || Increased [[endolymph]] volume in [[semicircular canals]] | | [[Ménière’s disease]] || Increased [[endolymph]] volume in [[semicircular canals]]. Recurrent vertigo, aural fullness, hearing loss and [[tinnitus]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo]] || Dislodged [[otoliths]] stimulate vestibular sense organ | | [[Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo]] || Dislodged [[otoliths]] stimulate vestibular sense organ. Recurrent vertigo, nausea, vomiting, [[torsional]] [[nystagmus]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Acute [[labyrinthitis]] || Inflammation of [[labyrinth]]/ [[viral]] or [[bacterial]] | | Acute [[labyrinthitis]] || Inflammation of [[labyrinth]]/ [[viral]] or [[bacterial]]. Temporary hearing loss, vertigo, off balance, [[tinnitus]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Acute [[vestibular]] [[neuritis]] || Inflammation of [[vestibular]] nerve caused by [[viral]] [[infection]] | | Acute [[vestibular]] [[neuritis]] || Inflammation of [[vestibular]] nerve caused by [[viral]] [[infection]]. Vertigo, hearing intact | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Cholesteatoma]] || Cyst/sac of [[keratin]] debris in middle ear | | [[Cholesteatoma]] || Cyst/sac of [[keratin]] debris in middle ear. Fullness/pressure in the ear, vertigo, hearing loss, pain | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Otosclerosis]] || Abnormal bone growth in middle ear | | [[Otosclerosis]] || Abnormal bone growth in middle ear. Vertigo, [[tinnitus]] and, sensorineural hearing loss | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Perilymphatic fistula]] || Abnormal connection between the middle ear and inner ear | | [[Perilymphatic fistula]] || Abnormal connection between the middle ear and inner ear. Fullness/pressure in the ear, vertigo, hearing loss/sensitive hearing | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|'''Disease''' || '''Pathophysiology''' || '''Main Feature''' | |'''Disease''' || '''Pathophysiology''' || '''Main Feature''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Brainstem Stroke]] || | | [[Brainstem Stroke]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Vestibular Migraine]] || | | [[Vestibular Migraine]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Multiple Sclerosis]] || | | [[Multiple Sclerosis]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Cerebellar tumors || | | Cerebellar tumors || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Lateral medullary syndrome || | | Lateral medullary syndrome || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Chiari malformation || | | Chiari malformation || | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 19:18, 3 December 2020
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Resident Survival Guide Vertigo in Children |
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Vertigo Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Vertigo On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Vertigo |
For patient information, click here
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Zehra Malik, M.B.B.S[2]
Synonyms and keywords:
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
| Classification of Vertigo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Based on Location of Dysfunction | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Peripheral | Central | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lesion in inner ear or vestibulocochlear nerve | Lesion in brainstem or cerebellum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Meniere’s disease Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo Acute labyrinthitis Acute vestibular neuronitis Cholesteatoma Otosclerosis Perilymphatic fistula Acoustic Neuroma | Brainstem Stroke Vestibular Migraine Multiple Sclerosis Cerebellar ischemia or hemorrhage Cerebellar tumors lateral medullary syndrome Chiari malformation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pathophysiology
Causes
- Peripheral causes of vertigo includes:
| Disease | Main Feature |
| Ménière’s disease | Increased endolymph volume in semicircular canals. Recurrent vertigo, aural fullness, hearing loss and tinnitus |
| Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo | Dislodged otoliths stimulate vestibular sense organ. Recurrent vertigo, nausea, vomiting, torsional nystagmus |
| Acute labyrinthitis | Inflammation of labyrinth/ viral or bacterial. Temporary hearing loss, vertigo, off balance, tinnitus |
| Acute vestibular neuritis | Inflammation of vestibular nerve caused by viral infection. Vertigo, hearing intact |
| Cholesteatoma | Cyst/sac of keratin debris in middle ear. Fullness/pressure in the ear, vertigo, hearing loss, pain |
| Otosclerosis | Abnormal bone growth in middle ear. Vertigo, tinnitus and, sensorineural hearing loss |
| Perilymphatic fistula | Abnormal connection between the middle ear and inner ear. Fullness/pressure in the ear, vertigo, hearing loss/sensitive hearing |
- Central causes of vertigo includes:
| Disease | Pathophysiology | Main Feature |
| Brainstem Stroke | ||
| Vestibular Migraine | ||
| Multiple Sclerosis | ||
| Cerebellar tumors | ||
| Lateral medullary syndrome | ||
| Chiari malformation |
Differentiating Vertigo from other Diseases
- Vertigo must be differentiated from other diseases that cause imbalance, dizziness, and lightheadedness.[1]
Epidemiology and Demographics
- Among the patient who presents with dizziness in the primary care setting, fifty-four percent have vertigo upon investigation.[2]
Screening
Risk Factors
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Treatment
- ↑ Labuguen RH (2006). "Initial evaluation of vertigo". Am Fam Physician. 73 (2): 244–51. PMID 16445269.
- ↑ Kroenke, Kurt (1992). "Causes of Persistent Dizziness". Annals of Internal Medicine. 117 (11): 898. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-117-11-898. ISSN 0003-4819.