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| ===Diagnostic Criteria=== | | ===Diagnostic Criteria=== |
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| *The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met:
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| :*[criterion 1]
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| :*[criterion 2]
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| :*[criterion 3]
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| :*[criterion 4]
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| ===Symptoms=== | | ===Symptoms=== |
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| *[Disease name] is usually asymptomatic.
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| *Symptoms of [disease name] may include the following:
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| :*[symptom 1]
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| :*[symptom 2]
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| :*[symptom 3]
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| :*[symptom 4]
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| :*[symptom 5]
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| :*[symptom 6]
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| ===Physical Examination=== | | ===Physical Examination=== |
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| *Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance].
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| *Physical examination may be remarkable for:
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| :*[finding 1]
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| :*[finding 2]
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| :*[finding 3]
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| :*[finding 4]
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| :*[finding 5]
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| :*[finding 6]
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| ===Laboratory Findings=== | | ===Laboratory Findings=== |
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| *There are no specific laboratory findings associated with [disease name].
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| *A [positive/negative] [test name] is diagnostic of [disease name].
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| *An [elevated/reduced] concentration of [serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other] [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name].
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| *Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].
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| ===Electrocardiogram=== | | ===Electrocardiogram=== |
| There are no ECG findings associated with [disease name].
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| OR
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| An ECG may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an ECG suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
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| ===X-ray=== | | ===X-ray=== |
| There are no x-ray findings associated with [disease name].
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| OR
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| An x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an x-ray suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
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| OR
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| There are no x-ray findings associated with [disease name]. However, an x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
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| ===Echocardiography or Ultrasound=== | | ===Echocardiography or Ultrasound=== |
| There are no echocardiography/ultrasound findings associated with [disease name].
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| OR
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| Echocardiography/ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an echocardiography/ultrasound suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
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| OR
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| There are no echocardiography/ultrasound findings associated with [disease name]. However, an echocardiography/ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
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| ===CT scan=== | | ===CT scan=== |
| There are no CT scan findings associated with [disease name].
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| OR
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| [Location] CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on CT scan suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
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| OR
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| There are no CT scan findings associated with [disease name]. However, a CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
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| ===MRI=== | | ===MRI=== |
| There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name].
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| OR
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| [Location] MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on MRI suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
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| OR
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| There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name]. However, a MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
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| ===Other Imaging Findings=== | | ===Other Imaging Findings=== |
| There are no other imaging findings associated with [disease name].
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| OR
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| [Imaging modality] may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an [imaging modality] suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
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| ===Other Diagnostic Studies=== | | ===Other Diagnostic Studies=== |
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| *[Disease name] may also be diagnosed using [diagnostic study name].
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| *Findings on [diagnostic study name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
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| ==Treatment== | | ==Treatment== |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Jaspinder Kaur, MBBS[2]
Synonyms and keywords: Pediatric Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
- Type 1 Diabetes mellitus
- Type 2 Diabetes mellitus
- Monogenic diabetes: Neonatal diabetes, MODY-maturity onset diabetes of the young, mitochondrial diabetes, and lipoatrophic diabetes
- Diabetes secondary to other pancreatic diseases, endocrinopathies, infections and cytotoxic drugs
- Diabetes related to certain genetic syndromes
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating [disease name] from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Age
Gender
Race
Risk Factors
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X-ray
Echocardiography or Ultrasound
CT scan
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
- There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.
- The mainstay of therapy for [disease name] is [medical therapy 1] and [medical therapy 2].
- [Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action 1].
- Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration].
Surgery
- Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for [disease name].
- [Surgical procedure] in conjunction with [chemotherapy/radiation] is the most common approach to the treatment of [disease name].
- [Surgical procedure] can only be performed for patients with [disease stage] [disease name].
Prevention
- There are no primary preventive measures available for [disease name].
- Effective measures for the primary prevention of [disease name] include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].
- Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with [disease name] are followed-up every [duration]. Follow-up testing includes [test 1], [test 2], and [test 3].
References