Alopecia historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The origin of the words use to describe alopecia are of Greek and Celtic origin. Balding is often associated with enhanced social status and maturity. | The origin of the words use to describe alopecia are of Greek and Celtic origin. Balding is often associated with enhanced social status and maturity. | ||
==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
===Etymology=== | ===Etymology=== | ||
The term alopecia (al-oh-PEE-she-uh) is formed from the Greek ''αλώπηξ'' (''alopex''), meaning fox. The origin of this usage is because this animal sheds its coat twice a year. | The term alopecia was used by physicians dating back to Hippocrates alopecia (al-oh-PEE-she-uh) and is formed from the Greek ''αλώπηξ'' (''alopex''), meaning fox. The origin of this usage is because this animal sheds its coat twice a year. <ref name="pmid30034197">{{cite journal| author=Callander J, Yesudian PD| title=Nosological Nightmare and Etiological Enigma: A History of Alopecia Areata. | journal=Int J Trichology | year= 2018 | volume= 10 | issue= 3 | pages= 140-141 | pmid=30034197 | doi=10.4103/ijt.ijt_23_18 | pmc=6028995 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30034197 }} </ref> | ||
The term bald likely derives from the English word balde, which means "white, pale", or Celtic ball, which means "white patch or blaze", such as on a horse's head.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=bald |title=Entry for "bald" |accessdate=2006-12-07|last=Harper |first= Douglas|work= Online Etymology Dictionary}}</ref> | The term bald likely derives from the English word balde, which means "white, pale", or Celtic ball, which means "white patch or blaze", such as on a horse's head.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=bald |title=Entry for "bald" |accessdate=2006-12-07|last=Harper |first= Douglas|work= Online Etymology Dictionary}}</ref> | ||
The first use of the phrase alopecia areata is attributed to Polish physician John Jonston (1603–1675) in his book “Medicina Practica,” written in 1664. The term alopecia areata (AA) was introduced by French physician Sauvages de Lacroix (1706–1767) in “Nosologia Methodica,” published in 1763. <ref name="pmid30034197">{{cite journal| author=Callander J, Yesudian PD| title=Nosological Nightmare and Etiological Enigma: A History of Alopecia Areata. | journal=Int J Trichology | year= 2018 | volume= 10 | issue= 3 | pages= 140-141 | pmid=30034197 | doi=10.4103/ijt.ijt_23_18 | pmc=6028995 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30034197 }} </ref> | |||
===Evolutionary Theories of Male Pattern Baldness=== | ===Evolutionary Theories of Male Pattern Baldness=== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Ogechukwu Hannah Nnabude, MD
Overview
The origin of the words use to describe alopecia are of Greek and Celtic origin. Balding is often associated with enhanced social status and maturity.
Historical Perspective
Etymology
The term alopecia was used by physicians dating back to Hippocrates alopecia (al-oh-PEE-she-uh) and is formed from the Greek αλώπηξ (alopex), meaning fox. The origin of this usage is because this animal sheds its coat twice a year. [1] The term bald likely derives from the English word balde, which means "white, pale", or Celtic ball, which means "white patch or blaze", such as on a horse's head.[2] The first use of the phrase alopecia areata is attributed to Polish physician John Jonston (1603–1675) in his book “Medicina Practica,” written in 1664. The term alopecia areata (AA) was introduced by French physician Sauvages de Lacroix (1706–1767) in “Nosologia Methodica,” published in 1763. [1]
Evolutionary Theories of Male Pattern Baldness
There is no consensus regarding the details of the evolution of male pattern baldness. Most theories regard it as resulting from sexual selection. A number of other primate species also experience hair loss following puberty, and some primate species clearly use an enlarged forehead, created both anatomically and through strategies such as frontal balding, to convey increased status and maturity. The assertion that MPB is intended to convey a social message is supported by the fact that the distribution of androgen receptors in the scalp differs between men and women and that older women or women with high androgen levels often exhibit diffuse thinning of hair as opposed to male pattern baldness.
One theory, advanced by Muscarella and Cunningham, suggests baldness evolved in males through sexual selection as an enhanced signal of aging and social maturity, whereby aggression and risk-taking decrease and nurturing behaviors increase. This may have conveyed a male with enhanced social status but reduced physical threat, which could enhance ability to secure reproductive partners and raise offspring to adulthood.
In a study by Muscarella and Cunnhingham, males and females viewed 6 male models with different levels of facial hair (beard and moustache or clean) and cranial hair (full head of hair, receding and bald). Participants rated each combination on 32 adjectives related to social perceptions. Males with facial hair and those with bald or receding hair were rated as being older than those who were clean-shaven or had a full head of hair. Beards and a full head of hair were seen as being more aggressive and less socially mature, and baldness was associated with more social maturity.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Callander J, Yesudian PD (2018). "Nosological Nightmare and Etiological Enigma: A History of Alopecia Areata". Int J Trichology. 10 (3): 140–141. doi:10.4103/ijt.ijt_23_18. PMC 6028995. PMID 30034197.
- ↑ Harper, Douglas. "Entry for "bald"". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 2006-12-07.