Urinary incontinence overview: Difference between revisions
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===Physical Examination=== | ===Physical Examination=== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Urinary incontinence: Unintentional loss of urine. Inability to hold urine in the bladder due to loss of voluntary control over the bladder (detrusor) muscle and/or urinary sphincters resulting in the involuntary passage of urine. In this article, the term "incontinence" will be used to mean urinary incontinence. See also fecal incontinence.
Classification
Urinary incontinence can be broadly classified into 5 major types. They are stress incontinence, urge incontinence, overflow incontinence, mixed incontinence, functional incontinence.
Causes
Urinary incontinence is commonly caused by conditions affecting bladder integrity, including infections, neoplasms, surgical procedures, and internal sources of trauma, such as nutrition and water intake. It can also be caused by congenital and acquired neurological, muscular, and renal conditions.
Pathophysiology
Differential diagnosis
Urinary incontinence may have different etiologies depending upon the underlying dysfunction. The various types of urinary incontinence should be differentiated from each other and also urinary incontinence should be differentiated from other conditions like stroke, multiple sclerosis, parkinson's disease, fecal impaction, rectal prolapse etc.
Epidemiology and demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural history, complications and prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic study of choice
Physical Examination
The physical examination will focus on looking for signs of medical conditions causing incontinence, such as tumors that block the urinary tract, stool impaction, and poor reflexes or sensations, which may be evidence of a nerve-related cause.