Menopause ultrasonography: Difference between revisions
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*[https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/uog.7487 Hyperechogenic endometrium] of varying thickness between 5-8 mm and without any midline or triple layer appearance. | *[https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/uog.7487 Hyperechogenic endometrium] of varying thickness between 5-8 mm and without any midline or triple layer appearance. | ||
*Right and left [[ovarian]] volumes decreased by 20 and 45% respectively. | *Right and left [[ovarian]] volumes decreased by 20 and 45% respectively. | ||
*[[Ovaries]] do not contain [[Follicle|follicles]] or a few [[Follicle|follicles]] that are measure less than 11 ml. | *[[Ovaries]] do not contain [[Follicle|follicles]] or a few [[Follicle|follicles]] that are measure less than 11 ml. | ||
*Normal or non-visible [[adnexa]]. | *Normal or non-visible [[adnexa]]. | ||
*Some [[women]] had small [https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/adnexal-cysts adnexal cysts] | *Some [[women]] had small [https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/adnexal-cysts adnexal cysts]<ref name="pmid18197593">{{cite journal| author=Sokalska A, Valentin L| title=Changes in ultrasound morphology of the uterus and ovaries during the menopausal transition and early postmenopause: a 4-year longitudinal study. | journal=Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol | year= 2008 | volume= 31 | issue= 2 | pages= 210-7 | pmid=18197593 | doi=10.1002/uog.5241 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18197593 }} </ref><ref name="pmid8932630">{{cite journal| author=Merz E, Miric-Tesanic D, Bahlmann F, Weber G, Wellek S| title=Sonographic size of uterus and ovaries in pre- and postmenopausal women. | journal=Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol | year= 1996 | volume= 7 | issue= 1 | pages= 38-42 | pmid=8932630 | doi=10.1046/j.1469-0705.1996.07010038.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8932630 }} </ref><ref name="pmid2067762">{{cite journal| author=Varner RE, Sparks JM, Cameron CD, Roberts LL, Soong SJ| title=Transvaginal sonography of the endometrium in postmenopausal women. | journal=Obstet Gynecol | year= 1991 | volume= 78 | issue= 2 | pages= 195-9 | pmid=2067762 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2067762 }} </ref><ref name="pmid8535922">{{cite journal| author=Sladkevicius P, Valentin L, Marsàl K| title=Transvaginal gray-scale and Doppler ultrasound examinations of the uterus and ovaries in healthy postmenopausal women. | journal=Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol | year= 1995 | volume= 6 | issue= 2 | pages= 81-90 | pmid=8535922 | doi=10.1046/j.1469-0705.1995.06020081.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8535922 }} </ref> | ||
====Transvaginal ultrasound findings in postmenopausal bleeding women include:==== | ====Transvaginal ultrasound findings in postmenopausal bleeding women include:==== | ||
*Transvaginal ultrasound is recommended in postmenopausal bleeding for intitial evaluation of what is the causes of bleeding.The endometrial thickness is measured on a long-axis view of the uterus. If endometrial thickness is thin about 4mm or less, these women more prone able for [[endometrial carcinoma]].<ref name="pmid29683909">{{cite journal| author=| title=ACOG Committee Opinion No. 734: The Role of Transvaginal Ultrasonography in Evaluating the Endometrium of Women With Postmenopausal Bleeding. | journal=Obstet Gynecol | year= 2018 | volume= 131 | issue= 5 | pages= e124-e129 | pmid=29683909 | doi=10.1097/AOG.0000000000002631 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29683909 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9714389">{{cite journal| author=Briley M, Lindsell DR| title=The role of transvaginal ultrasound in the investigation of women with post-menopausal bleeding. | journal=Clin Radiol | year= 1998 | volume= 53 | issue= 7 | pages= 502-5 | pmid=9714389 | doi=10.1016/s0009-9260(98)80169-4 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9714389 }} </ref> | *Transvaginal ultrasound is recommended in postmenopausal bleeding for intitial evaluation of what is the causes of bleeding.The endometrial thickness is measured on a long-axis view of the uterus. If endometrial thickness is thin about 4mm or less, these women more prone able for [[endometrial carcinoma]].<ref name="pmid29683909">{{cite journal| author=| title=ACOG Committee Opinion No. 734: The Role of Transvaginal Ultrasonography in Evaluating the Endometrium of Women With Postmenopausal Bleeding. | journal=Obstet Gynecol | year= 2018 | volume= 131 | issue= 5 | pages= e124-e129 | pmid=29683909 | doi=10.1097/AOG.0000000000002631 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29683909 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9714389">{{cite journal| author=Briley M, Lindsell DR| title=The role of transvaginal ultrasound in the investigation of women with post-menopausal bleeding. | journal=Clin Radiol | year= 1998 | volume= 53 | issue= 7 | pages= 502-5 | pmid=9714389 | doi=10.1016/s0009-9260(98)80169-4 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9714389 }} </ref> | ||
Revision as of 23:01, 27 February 2021
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Menopause ultrasonography On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rahmah Al-Edresi, M.D.[2]
Overview
On pelvic ultrasound, menopause is characterized by a decreasing diameter of the uterus with varying thickness, and a decrease in the volume of the ovaries with either a few follicles or no. On transvaginal ultrasound, menopause findings include normal or small uterus with an endometrial thickness between 5-8 mm. In postmenopausal bleeding cases with endometrial thickness is 4mm or less, they more prone able for endometrial cancer. Ovaries and adnexa are normal or non-visible, some women had small adnexal cysts.
Ultrasound Findings in Menopause
Pelvic ultrasound findings in menopausal women include:
- Anteroposterior diameter of uterus decreased by 22%.
- Hyperechogenic endometrium of varying thickness between 5-8 mm and without any midline or triple layer appearance.
- Right and left ovarian volumes decreased by 20 and 45% respectively.
- Ovaries do not contain follicles or a few follicles that are measure less than 11 ml.
- Normal or non-visible adnexa.
- Some women had small adnexal cysts[1][2][3][4]
Transvaginal ultrasound findings in postmenopausal bleeding women include:
- Transvaginal ultrasound is recommended in postmenopausal bleeding for intitial evaluation of what is the causes of bleeding.The endometrial thickness is measured on a long-axis view of the uterus. If endometrial thickness is thin about 4mm or less, these women more prone able for endometrial carcinoma.[5][6]
References
- ↑ Sokalska A, Valentin L (2008). "Changes in ultrasound morphology of the uterus and ovaries during the menopausal transition and early postmenopause: a 4-year longitudinal study". Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 31 (2): 210–7. doi:10.1002/uog.5241. PMID 18197593.
- ↑ Merz E, Miric-Tesanic D, Bahlmann F, Weber G, Wellek S (1996). "Sonographic size of uterus and ovaries in pre- and postmenopausal women". Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 7 (1): 38–42. doi:10.1046/j.1469-0705.1996.07010038.x. PMID 8932630.
- ↑ Varner RE, Sparks JM, Cameron CD, Roberts LL, Soong SJ (1991). "Transvaginal sonography of the endometrium in postmenopausal women". Obstet Gynecol. 78 (2): 195–9. PMID 2067762.
- ↑ Sladkevicius P, Valentin L, Marsàl K (1995). "Transvaginal gray-scale and Doppler ultrasound examinations of the uterus and ovaries in healthy postmenopausal women". Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 6 (2): 81–90. doi:10.1046/j.1469-0705.1995.06020081.x. PMID 8535922.
- ↑ "ACOG Committee Opinion No. 734: The Role of Transvaginal Ultrasonography in Evaluating the Endometrium of Women With Postmenopausal Bleeding". Obstet Gynecol. 131 (5): e124–e129. 2018. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000002631. PMID 29683909.
- ↑ Briley M, Lindsell DR (1998). "The role of transvaginal ultrasound in the investigation of women with post-menopausal bleeding". Clin Radiol. 53 (7): 502–5. doi:10.1016/s0009-9260(98)80169-4. PMID 9714389.