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==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
===Common Risk Factors===
===Common Risk Factors===
*Common [[risk factors]] in the development of [[diabetic foot]] include:<ref name="pmid24355275">{{cite journal| author=Alavi A, Sibbald RG, Mayer D, Goodman L, Botros M, Armstrong DG | display-authors=etal| title=Diabetic foot ulcers: Part I. Pathophysiology and prevention. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2014 | volume= 70 | issue= 1 | pages= 1.e1-18; quiz 19-20 | pmid=24355275 | doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2013.06.055 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24355275  }} </ref><ref name="pmid12027925">{{cite journal| author=Abbott CA, Carrington AL, Ashe H, Bath S, Every LC, Griffiths J | display-authors=etal| title=The North-West Diabetes Foot Care Study: incidence of, and risk factors for, new diabetic foot ulceration in a community-based patient cohort. | journal=Diabet Med | year= 2002 | volume= 19 | issue= 5 | pages= 377-84 | pmid=12027925 | doi=10.1046/j.1464-5491.2002.00698.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12027925  }} </ref><ref name="pmid12755240">{{cite journal| author=Nyamu PN, Otieno CF, Amayo EO, McLigeyo SO| title=Risk factors and prevalence of diabetic foot ulcers at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. | journal=East Afr Med J | year= 2003 | volume= 80 | issue= 1 | pages= 36-43 | pmid=12755240 | doi=10.4314/eamj.v80i1.8664 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12755240  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22981100">{{cite journal| author=Formosa C, Gatt A, Chockalingam N| title=Diabetic foot complications in Malta: prevalence of risk factors. | journal=Foot (Edinb) | year= 2012 | volume= 22 | issue= 4 | pages= 294-7 | pmid=22981100 | doi=10.1016/j.foot.2012.08.008 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22981100  }} </ref><ref name="pmid10388963">{{cite journal| author=Boyko EJ, Ahroni JH, Stensel V, Forsberg RC, Davignon DR, Smith DG| title=A prospective study of risk factors for diabetic foot ulcer. The Seattle Diabetic Foot Study. | journal=Diabetes Care | year= 1999 | volume= 22 | issue= 7 | pages= 1036-42 | pmid=10388963 | doi=10.2337/diacare.22.7.1036 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10388963  }} </ref>
*Common [[risk factors]] in the development of [[diabetic foot]] include:<ref name="pmid24355275">{{cite journal| author=Alavi A, Sibbald RG, Mayer D, Goodman L, Botros M, Armstrong DG | display-authors=etal| title=Diabetic foot ulcers: Part I. Pathophysiology and prevention. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2014 | volume= 70 | issue= 1 | pages= 1.e1-18; quiz 19-20 | pmid=24355275 | doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2013.06.055 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24355275  }} </ref><ref name="pmid12027925">{{cite journal| author=Abbott CA, Carrington AL, Ashe H, Bath S, Every LC, Griffiths J | display-authors=etal| title=The North-West Diabetes Foot Care Study: incidence of, and risk factors for, new diabetic foot ulceration in a community-based patient cohort. | journal=Diabet Med | year= 2002 | volume= 19 | issue= 5 | pages= 377-84 | pmid=12027925 | doi=10.1046/j.1464-5491.2002.00698.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12027925  }} </ref><ref name="pmid12755240">{{cite journal| author=Nyamu PN, Otieno CF, Amayo EO, McLigeyo SO| title=Risk factors and prevalence of diabetic foot ulcers at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. | journal=East Afr Med J | year= 2003 | volume= 80 | issue= 1 | pages= 36-43 | pmid=12755240 | doi=10.4314/eamj.v80i1.8664 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12755240  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22981100">{{cite journal| author=Formosa C, Gatt A, Chockalingam N| title=Diabetic foot complications in Malta: prevalence of risk factors. | journal=Foot (Edinb) | year= 2012 | volume= 22 | issue= 4 | pages= 294-7 | pmid=22981100 | doi=10.1016/j.foot.2012.08.008 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22981100  }} </ref><ref name="pmid10388963">{{cite journal| author=Boyko EJ, Ahroni JH, Stensel V, Forsberg RC, Davignon DR, Smith DG| title=A prospective study of risk factors for diabetic foot ulcer. The Seattle Diabetic Foot Study. | journal=Diabetes Care | year= 1999 | volume= 22 | issue= 7 | pages= 1036-42 | pmid=10388963 | doi=10.2337/diacare.22.7.1036 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10388963 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9448554">{{cite journal| author=Lavery LA, Armstrong DG, Vela SA, Quebedeaux TL, Fleischli JG| title=Practical criteria for screening patients at high risk for diabetic foot ulceration. | journal=Arch Intern Med | year= 1998 | volume= 158 | issue= 2 | pages= 157-62 | pmid=9448554 | doi=10.1001/archinte.158.2.157 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9448554 }} </ref>
**Poorly controlled [[diabetes mellitus]] (poor [[blood sugar|glycaemic]] control)
**Poorly controlled [[diabetes mellitus]] (poor [[blood sugar|glycaemic]] control)
**Prolonged [[diabetes mellitus]]
**Poor [[foot]] care
**Poor [[foot]] care
**Previous history of [[foot]] [[ulcer]]
**Previous history of [[foot]] [[ulcer]]
**[[Foot]] [[deformity|deformities]]
**[[Foot]] [[deformity|deformities]]
**[[Peripheral arterial disease]]
**[[Peripheral arterial disease]]
**High [[Anatomical terms of location|plantar]] pressure
**[[Peripheral neuropathy]]
**[[Peripheral neuropathy]]
**History of previous [[amputation]]
**History of previous [[amputation]]

Revision as of 19:27, 4 March 2021

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anahita Deylamsalehi, M.D.[2]

Overview

There are numerous risk factors for diabetic foot development in a diabetic patient, such as poor glycaemic control, poor foot care, foot deformities, peripheral arterial disease, peripheral neuropathy, history of previous foot ulcer or amputation, infection, diastolic hypertension and dyslipidemia.

Risk Factors

Common Risk Factors

References

  1. ↑ Alavi A, Sibbald RG, Mayer D, Goodman L, Botros M, Armstrong DG; et al. (2014). "Diabetic foot ulcers: Part I. Pathophysiology and prevention". J Am Acad Dermatol. 70 (1): 1.e1–18, quiz 19-20. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2013.06.055. PMID 24355275.
  2. ↑ Abbott CA, Carrington AL, Ashe H, Bath S, Every LC, Griffiths J; et al. (2002). "The North-West Diabetes Foot Care Study: incidence of, and risk factors for, new diabetic foot ulceration in a community-based patient cohort". Diabet Med. 19 (5): 377–84. doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2002.00698.x. PMID 12027925.
  3. ↑ Nyamu PN, Otieno CF, Amayo EO, McLigeyo SO (2003). "Risk factors and prevalence of diabetic foot ulcers at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi". East Afr Med J. 80 (1): 36–43. doi:10.4314/eamj.v80i1.8664. PMID 12755240.
  4. ↑ Formosa C, Gatt A, Chockalingam N (2012). "Diabetic foot complications in Malta: prevalence of risk factors". Foot (Edinb). 22 (4): 294–7. doi:10.1016/j.foot.2012.08.008. PMID 22981100.
  5. ↑ Boyko EJ, Ahroni JH, Stensel V, Forsberg RC, Davignon DR, Smith DG (1999). "A prospective study of risk factors for diabetic foot ulcer. The Seattle Diabetic Foot Study". Diabetes Care. 22 (7): 1036–42. doi:10.2337/diacare.22.7.1036. PMID 10388963.
  6. ↑ Lavery LA, Armstrong DG, Vela SA, Quebedeaux TL, Fleischli JG (1998). "Practical criteria for screening patients at high risk for diabetic foot ulceration". Arch Intern Med. 158 (2): 157–62. doi:10.1001/archinte.158.2.157. PMID 9448554.


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