Gait abnormality: Difference between revisions

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{{SK}} Gait disturbance
{{SK}} Gait disturbance


==Overview==


==Complete Differential Diagnosis==
==[[Gait Disturbances overview|Overview]]==


*
==[[Gait Disturbances  historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


{| class="wikitable"
==[[Gait Disturbances  classification|Classification]]==
|+
!Gait abnormalities due to Drugs
!Organic Diseases
!Electrolyte imbalances
!Vitamin Deficiency
!Pyschiatric
|-
|
* Alcohol
* Amiodarone
* Antiepileptic drugs
* Barbiturates
* Benzodiazepines
* Bismuth
* Bromides
* Carbon tetrachloride
* Chemotherapeutic agents (particularly high-dose cytarabine, fluorouracil, and asparaginase)
* Cyclosporine
* Glucocorticoids (high-dose)
* Heavy metals (particularly mercury and manganese)
* Lithium
* Metronidazole
* Phencyclidine
* Piperazine
* Tacrolimus
* Thallium
* Toluene
* Zidovudine


*
==[[Gait Disturbances pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
|
*[[Appendicitis]]
*Cerebellar lesions
*[[Cerebral Palsy]]
*[[Cerebrovascular disease]]
*[[Chondrodystrophia]]
*[[Chondromalacia Patellae]]
*Damage of the [[symphysis]]
*[[Degenerative joint disease]]
*[[Discitis]]
*[[Drugs]]
**[[Artemether and lumefantrin]]
**[[Interferon gamma]]
**[[Perampanel]]
*[[Dystonia]]
*[[Encephalitis]]
*Foreign body in shoe
*[[Fredreich's Ataxia]]
*[[Hemophilia]]
*[[Hernia]]s
*[[Hydrocephalus]]
*Leg length discrepancy
*[[Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease]]
*Local [[neoplasm]]
*[[Meningitis]]
*[[Metastases]]
*[[Multiple Sclerosis]]
*[[Neuromuscular]] disorders
*[[Osgood-Schlatter Disease]]
*[[Osteomalacia]]
*[[Osteochondritis Dissecans]]
*[[Osteomyelitis]]
*[[Parkinson's Disease|Parkinsonism]]
*[[Periostitis]]
*[[Poliomyelitis]]
*[[Polyneuropathy]]
*Poorly fitting shoes
*[[Rickets]]
*Sensory [[ataxia]]
*[[Septic Arthritis]]
*[[Sickle cell Disease]]
*[[Somatization Syndrome]]
*Splinter in foot
*[[Tabes Dorsalis]]
*[[Testicular torsion]]
*[[Trauma]]
*Viral [[arthritis]] <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>
|
*Hyponatremia
*Hypokalemia
*Hypomagnesemia


<br />
==[[Gait Disturbances  causes|Causes]]==
|Vitamin B12 deficiency


Vitamin E deficiency
==[[Gait Disturbances differential diagnosis|Differentiating Any Disease from other Diseases]]==


Copper Deficiency
==[[Gait Disturbances epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
<br />
|Anxiety
Depression
|-
|
|
|
|
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|-
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|}


*
==[[Gait Disturbances  risk factors|Risk Factors]]==


Persons suffering from [[peripheral neuropathy]] experience [[numbness]] and [[tingling]] in their hands and feet.  This can cause difficulty in walking, climbing stairs and maintaining [[balance]].  Gait abnormality that results from [[chemotherapy]] is generally temporary in nature, though recovery times of six months to a year are common.
==[[Gait Disturbances screening|Screening]]==


==Specific abnormalities and examples of causes==
==[[Gait Disturbances natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
===Antalgic gait===
''User favors certain motions to avoid acute pain. [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=671481857]''


*[[Physical trauma|Trauma]]
==Diagnosis==
*[[Osteoarthritis]]
[[Type page name here history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Type page name here physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Type page name here laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Type page name here electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Type page name here chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Type page name here CT|CT]] | [[Type page name here MRI|MRI]] | [[Type page name here echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Type page name here other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Type page name here other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
*[[Pelvic girdle pain]]


===Drunken gait/Cerebellar ataxia===
==Treatment==
''Reeling in a style like that of an intoxicated person. [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-972685307&linkID=203&cook=yes]''
[[Type page name here medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Type page name here surgery|Surgery]] | [[Type page name here primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Type page name here secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Type page name here cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Type page name here future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


*[[Ataxia]]
==Case Studies==
*[[Cerebellar lesion]]s
[[Type page name here case study one|Case #1]]
*[[Cerebellar degeneration]]
*[[Intoxication]]s


===Festinating gait/Parkinsonian gait===
''Patient moves with short, jerky steps. Term derives from Latin "festino", or "to hurry". [http://www.medfriendly.com/festinatinggait.html] [http://physicaltherapy.about.com/od/abbreviationsandterms/g/Gait.htm] [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=610992140&linkID=206&cook=yes]''


*[[Parkinson's disease]]
[[Category:Projects]]
[[Category:Help]]


===Pigeon gait===
{{WH}}
''Torsional abnormalities. [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=1590689848]''
{{WS}}


*[[Hip dysplasia]]
===Propulsive gait===
''Stiff, with head and neck bent. [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003199.htm] ''
*[[Carbon monoxide poisoning]]
*[[Parkinson's disease]]
===Steppage gait/High stepping gait===
''Toes point down. [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003199.htm] [http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=22477] [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=1966407688&linkID=205&cook=yes]''
*[[Polio]]
*[[Multiple sclerosis]]
===Scissor gait===
Legs flexed slightly at the hips and knees, giving the appearance of crouching, with the knees and thighs hitting or crossing in a scissors-like movement. Often mixed with or accompanied by spastic gait, a stiff, foot-dragging walk caused by one-sided, long-term muscle contraction. Most common in patients with spastic cerebral palsy, usually [[spastic diplegia|diplegic]] and [[spastic paraplegia|paraplegic]] varieties. The individual is forced to walk on [[tiptoe]] unless the [[Tibialis anterior muscle|dorsiflexor]] muscles are released by an orthaepedic surgical procedure. Muscle contractures of the [[adductor]]s result in thighs and knees rubbing together and crossing in a manner analogous to scissors.
These features are typical, and usually result in some form and to some degree regardless of the mildness or severity of the spastic CP condition.
*rigidity and excessive adduction of the leg in swing
*plantar flexion of the ankle
*flexion at the knee
*adduction and internal rotation at the hip
*contractures of all spastic muscles
*complicated assisting movements of the upper limbs when walking [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003199.htm].[http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-120586227&linkID=208&cook=yes]
====See Also====
*[[Spastic diplegia]]
*[[Pernicious anemia]]
*[[Spastic paraplegia]]
===[[Sensory ataxia]] gait/Stomping gait===
''Uncoordinated walking [http://medical.webends.com/kw/Gait%20Ataxia] [http://physicaltherapy.about.com/od/abbreviationsandterms/g/Gait.htm] [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-1737818075&linkID=207&cook=yes] [http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb29285.htm]''
*[[Friedreich's ataxia]]
*[[Pernicious anemia]]<br />
*Tabes Dorsalis (Syphilis)
===Spastic gait===
''Asymmetric foot dragging. [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003199.htm] [http://physicaltherapy.about.com/od/abbreviationsandterms/g/Gait.htm]''
*[[Brain tumor]]
*[[Sturge-Weber syndrome]]
*[[Cerebral palsy]]
===[[Trendelenburg gait]]===
*weakness of the [[abductor]] muscles of the lower limb, principally [[gluteus medius]]
===Waddling/Myopathic gait===
''Walking like a duck. [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003199.htm] [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=147849232&linkID=209&cook=yes] ''
*[[Pregnancy]]
===Magnetic gait===
Feet seem attached to floor as if by a magnet.  In magnetic gait, each step is initiated in a "wresting" motion carrying feet upward and forward.  Magnetic gait can be visualized in terms of a powerful magnet being forcefully pulled from a steel plate.
*[[Normal pressure hydrocephalus]] (NPH)


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 19:29, 3 June 2021
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Usman Ali Akbar, M.B.B.S.[2]

Synonyms and keywords: Gait disturbance


Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Any Disease from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Template:WH Template:WS


References

See also

External links

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