Crush syndrome: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Being a common occurrence in victims of natural disasters and human wars, '''crush syndrome''' is still a rare finding in daily practice. Falling short to direct-fatal trauma, crush syndrome is the second most common cause of mortality after a disaster.<ref name="pmid23908797">{{cite journal| author=Sever MS, Vanholder R| title=Management of crush syndrome casualties after disasters. | journal=Rambam Maimonides Med J | year= 2011 | volume= 2 | issue= 2 | pages= e0039 | pmid=23908797 | doi=10.5041/RMMJ.10039 | pmc=3678930 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23908797 }} </ref> It is the sequalae that follows when an individual or a part of him/her has been crushed between two heavy objects and although it has a wide range of presentation like shock, trouble breathing, electrolyte disturbances and irregular beating of the heart, the main culprit behind these findings is the extensive damage to the kidneys as a result of the trauma the person was subjected to. This can be prevented with aggressive fluid resuscitation, but the sheer number of incoming trauma patients during a calamity plays a major role in creating logistic problems for the response teams and hence it becomes important to diagnose it earlier rather than later. | Being a common occurrence in victims of natural disasters and human wars, '''crush syndrome''' is still a rare finding in daily practice. Falling short to direct-fatal trauma, crush syndrome is the second most common cause of mortality after a disaster.<ref name="pmid23908797">{{cite journal| author=Sever MS, Vanholder R| title=Management of crush syndrome casualties after disasters. | journal=Rambam Maimonides Med J | year= 2011 | volume= 2 | issue= 2 | pages= e0039 | pmid=23908797 | doi=10.5041/RMMJ.10039 | pmc=3678930 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23908797 }} </ref> It is the sequalae that follows when an individual or a part of him/her has been crushed between two heavy objects and although it has a wide range of presentation like shock, trouble breathing, electrolyte disturbances and irregular beating of the heart, the main culprit behind these findings is the extensive damage to the kidneys as a result of the trauma the person was subjected to. This can be prevented with aggressive fluid resuscitation, but the sheer number of incoming trauma patients during a calamity plays a major role in creating logistic problems for the response teams and hence it becomes important to diagnose it earlier rather than later. | ||
==Definition and related terms== | |||
* '''Crush syndrome''' : also known as traumatic rhabdomyolysis or reperfusion syndrome, it is defined as the systemic features of a crush injury leading to renal failure.<ref> Michaelson M. (2009) Crush Injury, Crush Syndrome. In: Shapira S.C., Hammond J.S., Cole L.A. (eds) Essentials of Terror Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09412-0_20</ref> | |||
* '''Crush injury''' : the damage caused to muscle cells due to pressure applied on them locally, for a prolonged period of time.<ref> Michaelson M. (2009) Crush Injury, Crush Syndrome. In: Shapira S.C., Hammond J.S., Cole L.A. (eds) Essentials of Terror Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09412-0_20</ref> | |||
* '''Rhabdomyolysis''' : the breakdown and release of muscular tissue (myoglobin) into the bloodstream resulting in renal damage and the subsequent build up of toxic compounds in the blood.<ref name="pmid25829882">{{cite journal| author=Torres PA, Helmstetter JA, Kaye AM, Kaye AD| title=Rhabdomyolysis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. | journal=Ochsner J | year= 2015 | volume= 15 | issue= 1 | pages= 58-69 | pmid=25829882 | doi= | pmc=4365849 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25829882 }} </ref> | |||
* '''Compartment syndrome''' : the raised pressure (>20 mm of Hg) within a localized region causing decreased local circulation which can lead to ischemia and necrosis of that osteo-musculo-fascial compartment.<ref>Torlincasi AM, Lopez RA, Waseem M. Acute Compartment Syndrome. [Updated 2021 Feb 10]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448124/</ref> This can later lead to release of necrosed muscle tissue into the blood which damages the kidney and can present with features similar to crush syndrome. | |||
Revision as of 08:14, 7 June 2021
| Crush syndrome | |
| ICD-10 | T79.5 |
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| ICD-9 | 958.5 |
| DiseasesDB | 13135 |
| MeSH | D003444 |
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Crush syndrome Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Crush syndrome On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Crush syndrome |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Synonyms and keywords: Bywaters' syndrome; traumatic rhabdomyolysis
Overview
Being a common occurrence in victims of natural disasters and human wars, crush syndrome is still a rare finding in daily practice. Falling short to direct-fatal trauma, crush syndrome is the second most common cause of mortality after a disaster.[1] It is the sequalae that follows when an individual or a part of him/her has been crushed between two heavy objects and although it has a wide range of presentation like shock, trouble breathing, electrolyte disturbances and irregular beating of the heart, the main culprit behind these findings is the extensive damage to the kidneys as a result of the trauma the person was subjected to. This can be prevented with aggressive fluid resuscitation, but the sheer number of incoming trauma patients during a calamity plays a major role in creating logistic problems for the response teams and hence it becomes important to diagnose it earlier rather than later.
- Crush syndrome : also known as traumatic rhabdomyolysis or reperfusion syndrome, it is defined as the systemic features of a crush injury leading to renal failure.[2]
- Crush injury : the damage caused to muscle cells due to pressure applied on them locally, for a prolonged period of time.[3]
- Rhabdomyolysis : the breakdown and release of muscular tissue (myoglobin) into the bloodstream resulting in renal damage and the subsequent build up of toxic compounds in the blood.[4]
- Compartment syndrome : the raised pressure (>20 mm of Hg) within a localized region causing decreased local circulation which can lead to ischemia and necrosis of that osteo-musculo-fascial compartment.[5] This can later lead to release of necrosed muscle tissue into the blood which damages the kidney and can present with features similar to crush syndrome.
- ↑ Sever MS, Vanholder R (2011). "Management of crush syndrome casualties after disasters". Rambam Maimonides Med J. 2 (2): e0039. doi:10.5041/RMMJ.10039. PMC 3678930. PMID 23908797.
- ↑ Michaelson M. (2009) Crush Injury, Crush Syndrome. In: Shapira S.C., Hammond J.S., Cole L.A. (eds) Essentials of Terror Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09412-0_20
- ↑ Michaelson M. (2009) Crush Injury, Crush Syndrome. In: Shapira S.C., Hammond J.S., Cole L.A. (eds) Essentials of Terror Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09412-0_20
- ↑ Torres PA, Helmstetter JA, Kaye AM, Kaye AD (2015). "Rhabdomyolysis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment". Ochsner J. 15 (1): 58–69. PMC 4365849. PMID 25829882.
- ↑ Torlincasi AM, Lopez RA, Waseem M. Acute Compartment Syndrome. [Updated 2021 Feb 10]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448124/