Albinism pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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* [[Melanocytes]] contain [[melanosomes]] which produce [[melanin]] | * [[Melanocytes]] contain [[melanosomes]] which produce [[melanin]] | ||
* [[Melanin]] protects [[skin]] from [[ultraviolet]]; with [[sun]] exposure [[melanin]] pigment increases in the [[skin]] | * [[Melanin]] protects [[skin]] from [[ultraviolet]]; with [[sun]] exposure [[melanin]] pigment increases in the [[skin]] | ||
* Apart from photo-protective effect of [[melanin]], it has some roles in development of [[ocular]] structures as well as oculoneural pathways | * Apart from the photo-protective effect of [[melanin]], it has some roles in the development of [[ocular]] structures as well as [[oculoneural]] pathways | ||
* [[Melanin]] converts tyrosine to 2 forms named [[eumelanin]] and [[pheomelanin]] | * [[Melanin]] converts tyrosine to 2 forms named [[eumelanin]] and [[pheomelanin]] | ||
* [[Eumelanin]] is responsible for black or brown [[skin]] color and protects [[skin]] from [[ultraviolet | * [[Eumelanin]] is responsible for black or brown [[skin]] color and protects [[skin]] from [[ultraviolet]] B | ||
* [[Pheomelanin]] is responsible for red or blond hair and light-colored, and ruddy s[[kin]] | * [[Pheomelanin]] is responsible for red or blond hair and light-colored, and ruddy s[[kin]] | ||
* On [[melanocytes]], activation of melanocortin one receptors ([[MC1R]]) lead to synthesis of [[eumelanin]] over [[pheomelanin]] | * On [[melanocytes]], activation of [[melanocortin one receptors]] ([[MC1R]]) lead to synthesis of [[eumelanin]] over [[pheomelanin]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 01:14, 18 August 2021
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Albinism Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Albinism pathophysiology On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Albinism pathophysiology |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Albinism pathophysiology |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shadan Mehraban, M.D.[2]
Overview
Pathophysiology
Physiology
- Melanocytes are derived from neural crest ectoderm and are found in hair follicles, skin, eyes, and inner ear
- Melanocytes account for 5% to 10% of cells in epidermal basal layers
- Melanocytes contain melanosomes which produce melanin
- Melanin protects skin from ultraviolet; with sun exposure melanin pigment increases in the skin
- Apart from the photo-protective effect of melanin, it has some roles in the development of ocular structures as well as oculoneural pathways
- Melanin converts tyrosine to 2 forms named eumelanin and pheomelanin
- Eumelanin is responsible for black or brown skin color and protects skin from ultraviolet B
- Pheomelanin is responsible for red or blond hair and light-colored, and ruddy skin
- On melanocytes, activation of melanocortin one receptors (MC1R) lead to synthesis of eumelanin over pheomelanin