Ancylostomiasis natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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{{Ancylostomiasis}} | |||
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Kalpana Giri}} | |||
==Overview== | |||
==Natural History== | ==Natural History== | ||
The symptoms of [[ancylostomiasis]] typically develop by [[direct contact]] of the [[skin]] with [[contaminated soil]] and the [[fecal-oral route]].<ref name="pmid31622567">{{cite journal| author=Ronquillo AC, Puelles LB, Espinoza LP, Sánchez VA, Luis Pinto Valdivia J| title=Ancylostoma duodenale as a cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a case report. | journal=Braz J Infect Dis | year= 2019 | volume= 23 | issue= 6 | pages= 471-473 | pmid=31622567 | doi=10.1016/j.bjid.2019.09.002 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=31622567 }} </ref> | The symptoms of [[ancylostomiasis]] typically develop by [[direct contact]] of the [[skin]] with [[contaminated soil]] and the [[fecal-oral route]].<ref name="pmid31622567">{{cite journal| author=Ronquillo AC, Puelles LB, Espinoza LP, Sánchez VA, Luis Pinto Valdivia J| title=Ancylostoma duodenale as a cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a case report. | journal=Braz J Infect Dis | year= 2019 | volume= 23 | issue= 6 | pages= 471-473 | pmid=31622567 | doi=10.1016/j.bjid.2019.09.002 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=31622567 }} </ref> | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kalpana Giri, MBBS[2]
Overview
Natural History
The symptoms of ancylostomiasis typically develop by direct contact of the skin with contaminated soil and the fecal-oral route.[1]
Complication
The majority of the infected patients remain asymptomatic.[1] The most common complications include:
Children with moderate and heavy intensity hookworm infections include:[2]
- impaired growth
- deficits in intellectual and cognitive development.
Women especially pregnant infected with hookworms include:
- severe anemia
- increased maternal morbidity and mortality
- premature birth
- neonatal anemia
Prognosis
Prognosis is generally excellent with proper treatment and mortality rate in the tropics is approximately 50-60,000 deaths per year. It causes significant morbidity in the form of chronic anemia and protein malnutrition.[3][4]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ronquillo AC, Puelles LB, Espinoza LP, Sánchez VA, Luis Pinto Valdivia J (2019). "Ancylostoma duodenale as a cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a case report". Braz J Infect Dis. 23 (6): 471–473. doi:10.1016/j.bjid.2019.09.002. PMID 31622567.
- ↑ Blair P, Diemert D (2015). "Update on prevention and treatment of intestinal helminth infections". Curr Infect Dis Rep. 17 (3): 465. doi:10.1007/s11908-015-0465-x. PMID 25821189.
- ↑ "Hookworms: Ancylostoma spp. and Necator spp". Archived from the original on 27 October 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-30.
- ↑ Diemert DJ, Bethony JM, Hotez PJ (2008). "Hookworm vaccines". Clin Infect Dis. 46 (2): 282–8. doi:10.1086/524070. PMID 18171264.