Pyonephrosis natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Harsh Vardhan Chawla, M.B.B.S.[2]

Natural history

• Pyonephrosis is a urological emergency. If left untreated, it can rapidly lead to septic shock and death.
• Abscess formation in or around the renal tissue is also possible.

Complications

• Long-term complications of pyonephrosis are rare if prompt medical care is received.
• If not diagnosed and treated promptly, pyonephrosis can lead to septic shock causing rapid deterioration of the patient's condition.
• Structural changes like scarring, fistulas, and abscesses may occur if the treatment of the cause of obstruction is delayed.