Bacterial pneumonia physical examination: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Although physical examination may | Although physical examination may differ amongst patients, many presents with similar findings. Variations may be due to the severity and extent of disease, the causative bacteria, as well as the presence or absence of any [[Bacterial pneumonia natural history, complications and prognosis|complications]].<ref name="pmid30020693">{{cite journal| author=| title=StatPearls | journal= | year= 2021 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=30020693 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> Much of the systemic examination may appearently be normal with the exception of some in cases of specific infections. All patients present with significant pulmonary findings. | ||
==Physical Examination== | ==Physical Examination== | ||
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'''Vital Signs''' | '''Vital Signs''' | ||
* Pulse: > 100/minute | |||
* Temperature: > 38 C/100.4 F ''or'' <35 C/95 F | *Pulse: > 100/minute | ||
* Respiratory Rate: 18 breaths/minute | *Temperature: > 38 C/100.4 F ''or'' <35 C/95 F | ||
*Respiratory Rate: 18 breaths/minute | |||
'''Examination According to Systems''' | '''Examination According to Systems''' | ||
==== ENT ==== | ====ENT==== | ||
* Dental illnesses may predispose to an ''Anaerobic'' infection | |||
*Dental illnesses may predispose to an ''[[Anaerobic organism|Anaerobic]]'' infection | |||
====Skin==== | |||
*Cyanosis may be present | |||
====Cardiovascular==== | |||
*Tachycardia | |||
*Bradycardia may be found in cases of ''[[Legionella]]'' | |||
====Pulmonary==== | |||
*Breath sounds: bronchial breath sounds as well as crackles and rales | |||
*Percussion: dull | |||
*Egophony: increased | |||
*Fremitus: tactile/ increased | |||
*Tracheal Deviation: often absent | |||
*Other findings: lymphadenopathy | |||
====Neurological/ Psychological==== | |||
*Patients may present with confusion, especially the elderly or patients that develop sepsis | |||
* | |||
==== | ====Renal==== | ||
*No significant findings | |||
* | |||
==== | ====GIT==== | ||
==== | *Diarrhea may indicate a ''[[Legionella]]'' infection<ref name="pmid33110729">{{cite journal| author=Dalal N, Athwal PSS, Tharu B, Shah P, Shah L| title=Legionnaires Disease Presenting as Diarrhea: A Case Report. | journal=Cureus | year= 2020 | volume= 12 | issue= 9 | pages= e10593 | pmid=33110729 | doi=10.7759/cureus.10593 | pmc=7581213 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=33110729 }} </ref> | ||
==== | ====Muscular==== | ||
*No significant findings; patients often complain of myopathy | *No significant findings; patients often complain of myopathy | ||
==== Genitourinary ==== | ====Genitourinary==== | ||
*No significant findings | *No significant findings | ||
==== Hematological ==== | ====Hematological==== | ||
* Hemolytic anemia may be seen with ''Mycoplasma'' infections<ref name="pmid22333470">{{cite journal| author=Han X, He B, Wang F| title=[Mycoplasma pneumonia associated with hemolytic anemia: case report and literature review]. | journal=Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi | year= 2011 | volume= 34 | issue= 11 | pages= 832-6 | pmid=22333470 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22333470 }} </ref> | |||
*Hemolytic anemia may be seen with ''[[Mycoplasma]]'' infections<ref name="pmid22333470">{{cite journal| author=Han X, He B, Wang F| title=[Mycoplasma pneumonia associated with hemolytic anemia: case report and literature review]. | journal=Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi | year= 2011 | volume= 34 | issue= 11 | pages= 832-6 | pmid=22333470 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22333470 }} </ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 10:06, 8 January 2022
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Arooj Naz
Overview
Although physical examination may differ amongst patients, many presents with similar findings. Variations may be due to the severity and extent of disease, the causative bacteria, as well as the presence or absence of any complications.[1] Much of the systemic examination may appearently be normal with the exception of some in cases of specific infections. All patients present with significant pulmonary findings.
Physical Examination
General Appearance Patients may appear normal or in distress. Varying degrees of cyanosis may be present.
Vital Signs
- Pulse: > 100/minute
- Temperature: > 38 C/100.4 F or <35 C/95 F
- Respiratory Rate: 18 breaths/minute
Examination According to Systems
ENT
- Dental illnesses may predispose to an Anaerobic infection
Skin
- Cyanosis may be present
Cardiovascular
- Tachycardia
- Bradycardia may be found in cases of Legionella
Pulmonary
- Breath sounds: bronchial breath sounds as well as crackles and rales
- Percussion: dull
- Egophony: increased
- Fremitus: tactile/ increased
- Tracheal Deviation: often absent
- Other findings: lymphadenopathy
Neurological/ Psychological
- Patients may present with confusion, especially the elderly or patients that develop sepsis
Renal
- No significant findings
GIT
- Diarrhea may indicate a Legionella infection[2]
Muscular
- No significant findings; patients often complain of myopathy
Genitourinary
- No significant findings
Hematological
- Hemolytic anemia may be seen with Mycoplasma infections[3]
References
- ↑ "StatPearls". 2021. PMID 30020693.
- ↑ Dalal N, Athwal PSS, Tharu B, Shah P, Shah L (2020). "Legionnaires Disease Presenting as Diarrhea: A Case Report". Cureus. 12 (9): e10593. doi:10.7759/cureus.10593. PMC 7581213 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 33110729 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Han X, He B, Wang F (2011). "[Mycoplasma pneumonia associated with hemolytic anemia: case report and literature review]". Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 34 (11): 832–6. PMID 22333470.