Bornholm disease natural history: Difference between revisions
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==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
About 5% of people develop complications. These include: | About 5% of people develop complications. These include: | ||
* | |||
* | *Acute [[viral meningitis]] as a complication of the coxsackievirus infection | ||
*Adult males may develop [[orchitis]] | |||
Less common complications include: <ref name="pmid30364740">{{cite journal| author=Lal A, Akhtar J, Isaac S, Mishra AK, Khan MS, Noreldin M | display-authors=etal| title=Unusual cause of chest pain, Bornholm disease, a forgotten entity; case report and review of literature. | journal=Respir Med Case Rep | year= 2018 | volume= 25 | issue= | pages= 270-273 | pmid=30364740 | doi=10.1016/j.rmcr.2018.10.005 | pmc=6197799 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30364740 }} </ref> | Less common complications include: <ref name="pmid30364740">{{cite journal| author=Lal A, Akhtar J, Isaac S, Mishra AK, Khan MS, Noreldin M | display-authors=etal| title=Unusual cause of chest pain, Bornholm disease, a forgotten entity; case report and review of literature. | journal=Respir Med Case Rep | year= 2018 | volume= 25 | issue= | pages= 270-273 | pmid=30364740 | doi=10.1016/j.rmcr.2018.10.005 | pmc=6197799 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30364740 }} </ref> | ||
* [[Hepatitis]] and [[Hepatic Necrosis]] with resultant [[coagulopathy]] | |||
* [[Pericarditis]] | *[[Hepatitis]] and [[Hepatic Necrosis]] with resultant [[coagulopathy]] | ||
* [[Myocarditis]] | *[[Pericarditis]] | ||
* [[Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (DIC)]] | *[[Myocarditis]] | ||
* [[Respiratory distress]] <ref name="pmid24504149">{{cite journal| author=Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2014 | volume= 9 | issue= 2 | pages= e87391 | pmid=24504149 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0087391 | pmc=3913601 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24504149 }} </ref> | *[[Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (DIC)]] | ||
* [[Benign lymphocytic meningitis]] <ref name="pmid13042254">{{cite journal| author=DISNEY ME, HOWARD EM, WOOD BS, FINDLAY GM| title=Bornholm disease in children. | journal=Br Med J | year= 1953 | volume= 1 | issue= 4824 | pages= 1351-4 | pmid=13042254 | doi=10.1136/bmj.1.4824.1351 | pmc=2016664 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=13042254 }} </ref> | *[[Respiratory distress]] <ref name="pmid24504149">{{cite journal| author=Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2014 | volume= 9 | issue= 2 | pages= e87391 | pmid=24504149 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0087391 | pmc=3913601 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24504149 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Benign lymphocytic meningitis]] <ref name="pmid13042254">{{cite journal| author=DISNEY ME, HOWARD EM, WOOD BS, FINDLAY GM| title=Bornholm disease in children. | journal=Br Med J | year= 1953 | volume= 1 | issue= 4824 | pages= 1351-4 | pmid=13042254 | doi=10.1136/bmj.1.4824.1351 | pmc=2016664 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=13042254 }} </ref> | |||
Clinical studies have shown that children affected with the [[Coxsackie B3]] strain had the highest rate of complication, approximately 9.2%. The most common complication complications included [[DIC]] followed by [[respiratory distress]], [[shock]] and [[hepatic necrosis]].<ref name="pmid245041492">{{cite journal| author=Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2014 | volume= 9 | issue= 2 | pages= e87391 | pmid=24504149 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0087391 | pmc=3913601 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24504149 }}</ref> | |||
An unlikely complication included [[meningeal]] involvement, this was noted in an [[outbreak]] that occurred in Sweden with less than 10% of patients being affected.<ref name="pmid13404313">{{cite journal| author=LANGDALE-SMITH HG, LANGDALE-SMITH DM, WILKINSON BR| title=Epidemic of meningoencephalitis and Bornholm disease. | journal=Br Med J | year= 1957 | volume= 1 | issue= 5022 | pages= 805-7 | pmid=13404313 | doi=10.1136/bmj.1.5022.805 | pmc=1973220 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=13404313 }}</ref> | |||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis is very good as the disease often results in complete recovery with mostly supportive care. <ref name="pmid30364740">{{cite journal| author=Lal A, Akhtar J, Isaac S, Mishra AK, Khan MS, Noreldin M | display-authors=etal| title=Unusual cause of chest pain, Bornholm disease, a forgotten entity; case report and review of literature. | journal=Respir Med Case Rep | year= 2018 | volume= 25 | issue= | pages= 270-273 | pmid=30364740 | doi=10.1016/j.rmcr.2018.10.005 | pmc=6197799 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30364740 }} </ref> | The prognosis is very good as the disease often results in complete recovery with mostly supportive care.<ref name="pmid30364740">{{cite journal| author=Lal A, Akhtar J, Isaac S, Mishra AK, Khan MS, Noreldin M | display-authors=etal| title=Unusual cause of chest pain, Bornholm disease, a forgotten entity; case report and review of literature. | journal=Respir Med Case Rep | year= 2018 | volume= 25 | issue= | pages= 270-273 | pmid=30364740 | doi=10.1016/j.rmcr.2018.10.005 | pmc=6197799 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30364740 }} </ref> For male patients that experienced [[orchitis]], treatment focused on bed rest as well as the use of suspensory bandages.<ref name="pmid20251794">{{cite journal| author=JAMIESON WM, PRINSLEY DM| title=Bornholm disease in the tropics. | journal=Br Med J | year= 1947 | volume= 2 | issue= 4514 | pages= 47-50 | pmid=20251794 | doi=10.1136/bmj.2.4514.47 | pmc=2055212 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20251794 }}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 05:33, 17 February 2022
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Bornholm disease Microchapters |
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Bornholm disease natural history On the Web |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Bornholm disease natural history |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Arooj Naz
Overview
Natural History
The illness lasts about a week and is rarely fatal. Relapses during the weeks following the initial episode are a characteristic feature of this disease.
Complications
About 5% of people develop complications. These include:
- Acute viral meningitis as a complication of the coxsackievirus infection
- Adult males may develop orchitis
Less common complications include: [1]
- Hepatitis and Hepatic Necrosis with resultant coagulopathy
- Pericarditis
- Myocarditis
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (DIC)
- Respiratory distress [2]
- Benign lymphocytic meningitis [3]
Clinical studies have shown that children affected with the Coxsackie B3 strain had the highest rate of complication, approximately 9.2%. The most common complication complications included DIC followed by respiratory distress, shock and hepatic necrosis.[4]
An unlikely complication included meningeal involvement, this was noted in an outbreak that occurred in Sweden with less than 10% of patients being affected.[5]
Prognosis
The prognosis is very good as the disease often results in complete recovery with mostly supportive care.[1] For male patients that experienced orchitis, treatment focused on bed rest as well as the use of suspensory bandages.[6]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lal A, Akhtar J, Isaac S, Mishra AK, Khan MS, Noreldin M; et al. (2018). "Unusual cause of chest pain, Bornholm disease, a forgotten entity; case report and review of literature". Respir Med Case Rep. 25: 270–273. doi:10.1016/j.rmcr.2018.10.005. PMC 6197799. PMID 30364740.
- ↑ Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC; et al. (2014). "Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children". PLoS One. 9 (2): e87391. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087391. PMC 3913601. PMID 24504149.
- ↑ DISNEY ME, HOWARD EM, WOOD BS, FINDLAY GM (1953). "Bornholm disease in children". Br Med J. 1 (4824): 1351–4. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4824.1351. PMC 2016664. PMID 13042254.
- ↑ Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC; et al. (2014). "Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children". PLoS One. 9 (2): e87391. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087391. PMC 3913601. PMID 24504149.
- ↑ LANGDALE-SMITH HG, LANGDALE-SMITH DM, WILKINSON BR (1957). "Epidemic of meningoencephalitis and Bornholm disease". Br Med J. 1 (5022): 805–7. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5022.805. PMC 1973220. PMID 13404313.
- ↑ JAMIESON WM, PRINSLEY DM (1947). "Bornholm disease in the tropics". Br Med J. 2 (4514): 47–50. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4514.47. PMC 2055212. PMID 20251794.