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Physical findings may vary amongst patients and may also vary according to the the underlying cause. If the disease is due to the [[Coxsackie virus|Coxsackie]] virus, findings such as [[oral ulcerations]], [[throat discomfort]] or [[Throat Pain|pain]], [[diarrhea]] as well as [[vomiting]] may be seen. For patients experiencing localized chest [[tenderness]], [[abdominal rigidity]] and [[Abdominal guarding|guarding]] may present difficulty performing a complete physical examination. The pain may result in [[tachycardia]]. Pulmonary symptoms include [[pleural effusion]], [[cough]], [[rhinorrhea]] and [[difficulty breathing]]. [[Fever]] may present with [[Headache|headaches]] and potentially progress to febrile [[seizures]].  
Physical findings may vary amongst patients and may also vary according to the the underlying cause. If the disease is due to the [[Coxsackie virus|Coxsackie]] virus, findings such as [[oral ulcerations]], [[throat discomfort]] or [[Throat Pain|pain]], [[diarrhea]] as well as [[vomiting]] may be seen. For patients experiencing localized chest [[tenderness]], [[abdominal rigidity]] and [[Abdominal guarding|guarding]] may present difficulty performing a complete physical examination. The pain may result in [[tachycardia]]. Pulmonary symptoms include [[pleural effusion]], [[cough]], [[rhinorrhea]] and [[difficulty breathing]]. [[Fever]] may present with [[Headache|headaches]] and potentially progress to febrile [[seizures]].  


== Physical Examination ==
==Physical Examination==


=== General Appearance ===
===General Appearance===
Patients may appear in distress with severe accompanying chest pain and a history fever
Patients may appear in distress with [[abdominal rigidity]] and [[Abdominal guarding|guarding]]. History of [[fever]] is also common.


=== Vital Signs ===
===Vital Signs===


* [[Pulse]]: > 100/minute due to accompanying pain  
*[[Pulse]]: > 100/minute due to chest pain
* [[Temperature]]: > 38 C/100.4 F  
*[[Temperature]]: > 38 C/100.4 F
* Respiratory Rate: 18 breaths/minute
*[[Respiratory Rate]]: 18 breaths/minute


=== Examination According to Systems ===
===Examination According to Systems===


==== [[ENT]] ====
====[[ENT]]====


* [[Oral ulcerations]] may be seen<ref name="pmid245041492">{{cite journal| author=Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2014 | volume= 9 | issue= 2 | pages= e87391 | pmid=24504149 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0087391 | pmc=3913601 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24504149  }}</ref>
*[[Oral ulcerations]] may be seen<ref name="pmid245041492">{{cite journal| author=Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2014 | volume= 9 | issue= 2 | pages= e87391 | pmid=24504149 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0087391 | pmc=3913601 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24504149  }}</ref>
* [[Throat discomfort]]/ pain<ref name="pmid322960052">{{cite journal| author=Orimo K, Hatano K, Sato N, Okabe S, Suzuki A, Mori K | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical Characteristics of Epidemic Myalgia Associated with Human Parechovirus Type 3 during the Summer of 2019. | journal=Intern Med | year= 2020 | volume= 59 | issue= 14 | pages= 1721-1726 | pmid=32296005 | doi=10.2169/internalmedicine.4416-20 | pmc=7434534 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32296005  }}</ref>
*[[Throat discomfort]]/ pain<ref name="pmid322960052">{{cite journal| author=Orimo K, Hatano K, Sato N, Okabe S, Suzuki A, Mori K | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical Characteristics of Epidemic Myalgia Associated with Human Parechovirus Type 3 during the Summer of 2019. | journal=Intern Med | year= 2020 | volume= 59 | issue= 14 | pages= 1721-1726 | pmid=32296005 | doi=10.2169/internalmedicine.4416-20 | pmc=7434534 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32296005  }}</ref>


==== [[Skin]] ====
====[[Skin]]====


* Rash<ref name="pmid245041496">{{cite journal| author=Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2014 | volume= 9 | issue= 2 | pages= e87391 | pmid=24504149 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0087391 | pmc=3913601 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24504149  }}</ref>
*Rash<ref name="pmid245041496">{{cite journal| author=Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2014 | volume= 9 | issue= 2 | pages= e87391 | pmid=24504149 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0087391 | pmc=3913601 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24504149  }}</ref>


==== [[Cardiovascular]] ====
====[[Cardiovascular]]====


* [[Tachycardia]] (> 100/minute)
*[[Tachycardia]] (> 100/minute)
* [[Pericardial rub]]<ref name="pmid30364740">{{cite journal| author=Lal A, Akhtar J, Isaac S, Mishra AK, Khan MS, Noreldin M | display-authors=etal| title=Unusual cause of chest pain, Bornholm disease, a forgotten entity; case report and review of literature. | journal=Respir Med Case Rep | year= 2018 | volume= 25 | issue=  | pages= 270-273 | pmid=30364740 | doi=10.1016/j.rmcr.2018.10.005 | pmc=6197799 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30364740  }}</ref>
*[[Pericardial rub]]<ref name="pmid30364740">{{cite journal| author=Lal A, Akhtar J, Isaac S, Mishra AK, Khan MS, Noreldin M | display-authors=etal| title=Unusual cause of chest pain, Bornholm disease, a forgotten entity; case report and review of literature. | journal=Respir Med Case Rep | year= 2018 | volume= 25 | issue=  | pages= 270-273 | pmid=30364740 | doi=10.1016/j.rmcr.2018.10.005 | pmc=6197799 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30364740  }}</ref>


==== [[Pulmonary]] ====
====[[Pulmonary]]====


* [[Pleural effusion]]<ref name="pmid303647402">{{cite journal| author=Lal A, Akhtar J, Isaac S, Mishra AK, Khan MS, Noreldin M | display-authors=etal| title=Unusual cause of chest pain, Bornholm disease, a forgotten entity; case report and review of literature. | journal=Respir Med Case Rep | year= 2018 | volume= 25 | issue=  | pages= 270-273 | pmid=30364740 | doi=10.1016/j.rmcr.2018.10.005 | pmc=6197799 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30364740  }}</ref>
*[[Pleural effusion]]<ref name="pmid303647402">{{cite journal| author=Lal A, Akhtar J, Isaac S, Mishra AK, Khan MS, Noreldin M | display-authors=etal| title=Unusual cause of chest pain, Bornholm disease, a forgotten entity; case report and review of literature. | journal=Respir Med Case Rep | year= 2018 | volume= 25 | issue=  | pages= 270-273 | pmid=30364740 | doi=10.1016/j.rmcr.2018.10.005 | pmc=6197799 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30364740  }}</ref>
* [[Cough]] <ref name="pmid245041493">{{cite journal| author=Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2014 | volume= 9 | issue= 2 | pages= e87391 | pmid=24504149 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0087391 | pmc=3913601 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24504149  }}</ref>
*[[Cough]]<ref name="pmid245041493">{{cite journal| author=Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2014 | volume= 9 | issue= 2 | pages= e87391 | pmid=24504149 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0087391 | pmc=3913601 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24504149  }}</ref>
* [[Rhinorrhea]]<ref name="pmid245041494">{{cite journal| author=Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2014 | volume= 9 | issue= 2 | pages= e87391 | pmid=24504149 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0087391 | pmc=3913601 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24504149  }}</ref>
*[[Rhinorrhea]]<ref name="pmid245041494">{{cite journal| author=Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2014 | volume= 9 | issue= 2 | pages= e87391 | pmid=24504149 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0087391 | pmc=3913601 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24504149  }}</ref>
* [[Difficulty breathing]]<ref name="pmid15420446">{{cite journal| author=FINDLAY GM, HOWARD EM| title=Coxsackie viruses and Bornholm disease. | journal=Br Med J | year= 1950 | volume= 1 | issue= 4664 | pages= 1233-6 | pmid=15420446 | doi=10.1136/bmj.1.4664.1233 | pmc=2038096 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15420446  }}</ref>
*[[Difficulty breathing]]<ref name="pmid15420446">{{cite journal| author=FINDLAY GM, HOWARD EM| title=Coxsackie viruses and Bornholm disease. | journal=Br Med J | year= 1950 | volume= 1 | issue= 4664 | pages= 1233-6 | pmid=15420446 | doi=10.1136/bmj.1.4664.1233 | pmc=2038096 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15420446  }}</ref>


==== [[Neurological]]/ [[Psychological]]<ref name="pmid245041497">{{cite journal| author=Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2014 | volume= 9 | issue= 2 | pages= e87391 | pmid=24504149 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0087391 | pmc=3913601 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24504149  }}</ref> ====
====[[Neurological]]/ [[Psychological]]<ref name="pmid245041497">{{cite journal| author=Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2014 | volume= 9 | issue= 2 | pages= e87391 | pmid=24504149 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0087391 | pmc=3913601 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24504149  }}</ref>====


* [[Headache]]
*[[Headache]]
* [[Febrile seizures]]
*[[Febrile seizures]]


==== [[Renal]] ====
====[[Renal]]====


* No significant findings
*No significant findings


==== [[GIT]]<ref name="pmid245041495">{{cite journal| author=Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2014 | volume= 9 | issue= 2 | pages= e87391 | pmid=24504149 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0087391 | pmc=3913601 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24504149  }}</ref> ====
====[[GIT]]<ref name="pmid245041495">{{cite journal| author=Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2014 | volume= 9 | issue= 2 | pages= e87391 | pmid=24504149 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0087391 | pmc=3913601 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24504149  }}</ref>====


* [[Diarrhea]]
*[[Diarrhea]]
* [[Vomitting]]  
*[[Vomitting]]
* [[Abdominal rigidity]] and [[Abdominal guarding|guarding]] upon examination<ref name="pmid20251794">{{cite journal| author=JAMIESON WM, PRINSLEY DM| title=Bornholm disease in the tropics. | journal=Br Med J | year= 1947 | volume= 2 | issue= 4514 | pages= 47-50 | pmid=20251794 | doi=10.1136/bmj.2.4514.47 | pmc=2055212 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20251794  }}</ref>
*[[Abdominal rigidity]] and [[Abdominal guarding|guarding]] upon examination<ref name="pmid20251794">{{cite journal| author=JAMIESON WM, PRINSLEY DM| title=Bornholm disease in the tropics. | journal=Br Med J | year= 1947 | volume= 2 | issue= 4514 | pages= 47-50 | pmid=20251794 | doi=10.1136/bmj.2.4514.47 | pmc=2055212 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20251794  }}</ref>


==== [[Muscular]] ====
====[[Muscular]]====


* Localized [[tenderness]] upon palpation<ref name="pmid303647403">{{cite journal| author=Lal A, Akhtar J, Isaac S, Mishra AK, Khan MS, Noreldin M | display-authors=etal| title=Unusual cause of chest pain, Bornholm disease, a forgotten entity; case report and review of literature. | journal=Respir Med Case Rep | year= 2018 | volume= 25 | issue=  | pages= 270-273 | pmid=30364740 | doi=10.1016/j.rmcr.2018.10.005 | pmc=6197799 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30364740  }}</ref> with pain radiating around the [[intercostal space]]<ref name="pmid154204462">{{cite journal| author=FINDLAY GM, HOWARD EM| title=Coxsackie viruses and Bornholm disease. | journal=Br Med J | year= 1950 | volume= 1 | issue= 4664 | pages= 1233-6 | pmid=15420446 | doi=10.1136/bmj.1.4664.1233 | pmc=2038096 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15420446  }}</ref>
*Localized [[tenderness]] upon palpation<ref name="pmid303647403">{{cite journal| author=Lal A, Akhtar J, Isaac S, Mishra AK, Khan MS, Noreldin M | display-authors=etal| title=Unusual cause of chest pain, Bornholm disease, a forgotten entity; case report and review of literature. | journal=Respir Med Case Rep | year= 2018 | volume= 25 | issue=  | pages= 270-273 | pmid=30364740 | doi=10.1016/j.rmcr.2018.10.005 | pmc=6197799 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30364740  }}</ref> with pain radiating around the [[intercostal space]]<ref name="pmid154204462">{{cite journal| author=FINDLAY GM, HOWARD EM| title=Coxsackie viruses and Bornholm disease. | journal=Br Med J | year= 1950 | volume= 1 | issue= 4664 | pages= 1233-6 | pmid=15420446 | doi=10.1136/bmj.1.4664.1233 | pmc=2038096 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15420446  }}</ref>


* Generalized [[weakness]]<ref name="pmid24504149">{{cite journal| author=Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2014 | volume= 9 | issue= 2 | pages= e87391 | pmid=24504149 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0087391 | pmc=3913601 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24504149  }}</ref>
*Generalized [[weakness]]<ref name="pmid24504149">{{cite journal| author=Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2014 | volume= 9 | issue= 2 | pages= e87391 | pmid=24504149 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0087391 | pmc=3913601 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24504149  }}</ref>
* Reduced [[tendon reflexes]] may be seen in some cases<ref name="pmid32296005">{{cite journal| author=Orimo K, Hatano K, Sato N, Okabe S, Suzuki A, Mori K | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical Characteristics of Epidemic Myalgia Associated with Human Parechovirus Type 3 during the Summer of 2019. | journal=Intern Med | year= 2020 | volume= 59 | issue= 14 | pages= 1721-1726 | pmid=32296005 | doi=10.2169/internalmedicine.4416-20 | pmc=7434534 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32296005  }}</ref>
*Reduced [[tendon reflexes]] may be seen in some cases<ref name="pmid32296005">{{cite journal| author=Orimo K, Hatano K, Sato N, Okabe S, Suzuki A, Mori K | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical Characteristics of Epidemic Myalgia Associated with Human Parechovirus Type 3 during the Summer of 2019. | journal=Intern Med | year= 2020 | volume= 59 | issue= 14 | pages= 1721-1726 | pmid=32296005 | doi=10.2169/internalmedicine.4416-20 | pmc=7434534 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32296005  }}</ref>


==== [[Genitourinary]] ====
====[[Genitourinary]]====


* No significant findings
*No significant findings


==== [[Hematological]] ====
====[[Hematological]]====


* No significant findings
*No significant findings


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 06:44, 17 February 2022

Bornholm disease Microchapters

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Overview

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Arooj Naz

Bornholm disease Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Bornholm disease from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Bornholm disease physical examination On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Bornholm disease physical examination

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Bornholm disease physical examination

CDC on Bornholm disease physical examination

Bornholm disease physical examination in the news

Blogs on Bornholm disease physical examination

Directions to Hospitals Treating Bornholm disease

Risk calculators and risk factors for Bornholm disease physical examination

Overview

Physical findings may vary amongst patients and may also vary according to the the underlying cause. If the disease is due to the Coxsackie virus, findings such as oral ulcerations, throat discomfort or pain, diarrhea as well as vomiting may be seen. For patients experiencing localized chest tenderness, abdominal rigidity and guarding may present difficulty performing a complete physical examination. The pain may result in tachycardia. Pulmonary symptoms include pleural effusion, cough, rhinorrhea and difficulty breathing. Fever may present with headaches and potentially progress to febrile seizures.

Physical Examination

General Appearance

Patients may appear in distress with abdominal rigidity and guarding. History of fever is also common.

Vital Signs

Examination According to Systems

ENT

Skin

Cardiovascular

Pulmonary

Neurological/ Psychological[9]

Renal

  • No significant findings

GIT[10]

Muscular

Genitourinary

  • No significant findings

Hematological

  • No significant findings

References

  1. ↑ Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC; et al. (2014). "Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children". PLoS One. 9 (2): e87391. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087391. PMC 3913601. PMID 24504149.
  2. ↑ Orimo K, Hatano K, Sato N, Okabe S, Suzuki A, Mori K; et al. (2020). "Clinical Characteristics of Epidemic Myalgia Associated with Human Parechovirus Type 3 during the Summer of 2019". Intern Med. 59 (14): 1721–1726. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.4416-20. PMC 7434534 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 32296005 Check |pmid= value (help).
  3. ↑ Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC; et al. (2014). "Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children". PLoS One. 9 (2): e87391. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087391. PMC 3913601. PMID 24504149.
  4. ↑ Lal A, Akhtar J, Isaac S, Mishra AK, Khan MS, Noreldin M; et al. (2018). "Unusual cause of chest pain, Bornholm disease, a forgotten entity; case report and review of literature". Respir Med Case Rep. 25 ( ): 270–273. doi:10.1016/j.rmcr.2018.10.005. PMC 6197799. PMID 30364740.
  5. ↑ Lal A, Akhtar J, Isaac S, Mishra AK, Khan MS, Noreldin M; et al. (2018). "Unusual cause of chest pain, Bornholm disease, a forgotten entity; case report and review of literature". Respir Med Case Rep. 25 ( ): 270–273. doi:10.1016/j.rmcr.2018.10.005. PMC 6197799. PMID 30364740.
  6. ↑ Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC; et al. (2014). "Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children". PLoS One. 9 (2): e87391. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087391. PMC 3913601. PMID 24504149.
  7. ↑ Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC; et al. (2014). "Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children". PLoS One. 9 (2): e87391. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087391. PMC 3913601. PMID 24504149.
  8. ↑ FINDLAY GM, HOWARD EM (1950). "Coxsackie viruses and Bornholm disease". Br Med J. 1 (4664): 1233–6. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4664.1233. PMC 2038096. PMID 15420446.
  9. ↑ Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC; et al. (2014). "Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children". PLoS One. 9 (2): e87391. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087391. PMC 3913601. PMID 24504149.
  10. ↑ Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC; et al. (2014). "Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children". PLoS One. 9 (2): e87391. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087391. PMC 3913601. PMID 24504149.
  11. ↑ JAMIESON WM, PRINSLEY DM (1947). "Bornholm disease in the tropics". Br Med J. 2 (4514): 47–50. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4514.47. PMC 2055212. PMID 20251794.
  12. ↑ Lal A, Akhtar J, Isaac S, Mishra AK, Khan MS, Noreldin M; et al. (2018). "Unusual cause of chest pain, Bornholm disease, a forgotten entity; case report and review of literature". Respir Med Case Rep. 25 ( ): 270–273. doi:10.1016/j.rmcr.2018.10.005. PMC 6197799. PMID 30364740.
  13. ↑ FINDLAY GM, HOWARD EM (1950). "Coxsackie viruses and Bornholm disease". Br Med J. 1 (4664): 1233–6. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4664.1233. PMC 2038096. PMID 15420446.
  14. ↑ Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC; et al. (2014). "Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children". PLoS One. 9 (2): e87391. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087391. PMC 3913601. PMID 24504149.
  15. ↑ Orimo K, Hatano K, Sato N, Okabe S, Suzuki A, Mori K; et al. (2020). "Clinical Characteristics of Epidemic Myalgia Associated with Human Parechovirus Type 3 during the Summer of 2019". Intern Med. 59 (14): 1721–1726. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.4416-20. PMC 7434534 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 32296005 Check |pmid= value (help).

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