Bornholm disease natural history: Difference between revisions
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{{Bornholm disease}} | {{Bornholm disease}} | ||
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:''' [[User:AroojNaz|Arooj Naz]] | {{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:''' [[User:AroojNaz|Arooj Naz, M.B.B.S]] | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
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==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis is very good as the disease often results in complete recovery with mostly supportive care.<ref name="pmid30364740">{{cite journal| author=Lal A, Akhtar J, Isaac S, Mishra AK, Khan MS, Noreldin M | display-authors=etal| title=Unusual cause of chest pain, Bornholm disease, a forgotten entity; case report and review of literature. | journal=Respir Med Case Rep | year= 2018 | volume= 25 | issue= | pages= 270-273 | pmid=30364740 | doi=10.1016/j.rmcr.2018.10.005 | pmc=6197799 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30364740 }} </ref> | The prognosis is very good as the disease often results in complete recovery with mostly supportive care.<ref name="pmid30364740">{{cite journal| author=Lal A, Akhtar J, Isaac S, Mishra AK, Khan MS, Noreldin M | display-authors=etal| title=Unusual cause of chest pain, Bornholm disease, a forgotten entity; case report and review of literature. | journal=Respir Med Case Rep | year= 2018 | volume= 25 | issue= | pages= 270-273 | pmid=30364740 | doi=10.1016/j.rmcr.2018.10.005 | pmc=6197799 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30364740 }} </ref> | ||
*For male patients that experienced [[orchitis]], treatment focused on bed rest as well as the use of suspensory bandages.<ref name="pmid20251794">{{cite journal| author=JAMIESON WM, PRINSLEY DM| title=Bornholm disease in the tropics. | journal=Br Med J | year= 1947 | volume= 2 | issue= 4514 | pages= 47-50 | pmid=20251794 | doi=10.1136/bmj.2.4514.47 | pmc=2055212 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20251794 }}</ref> | *For male patients that experienced [[orchitis]], treatment focused on bed rest as well as the use of suspensory bandages.<ref name="pmid20251794">{{cite journal| author=JAMIESON WM, PRINSLEY DM| title=Bornholm disease in the tropics. | journal=Br Med J | year= 1947 | volume= 2 | issue= 4514 | pages= 47-50 | pmid=20251794 | doi=10.1136/bmj.2.4514.47 | pmc=2055212 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20251794 }}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 00:17, 19 March 2022
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Bornholm disease Microchapters |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Bornholm disease natural history On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Bornholm disease natural history |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Bornholm disease natural history |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Arooj Naz, M.B.B.S
Overview
Patients experience sudden chest pain that is often described as a sharp, cutting or knife-like sensation as well as a fever that often lasts about 4 to 7 day. Recovery is gradual and may take up-to 10 days with relapses being a common finding but the disease is rarely fatal. Complications are unlikely, but affect children more commonly. These include acute viral meningitis, orchitis, hepatic necrosis and coagulopathy, Pericarditis and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, amongst others. The prognosis is generally very good, requiring symptomatic treatment for pain and bed rest. In cases including orchitis, suspensory bandages may prove useful.
Natural History
The chest pain associated with Bornholm disease often lasts about 4 to 7 days.The duration of disease often correlates with the duration of fever.[1] Affected induviduals often experience a short prodromal period of generalized malaise that precedes the occurrence of chest pain, which is described as a sharp, cutting or knife-like sensation.[2] Although the disease is rarely fatal, the chest pain persists. During recovery, the patient may experience weakness and recover gradually over a period of 10 days. Relapses during the weeks following the initial episode are a characteristic feature of this disease.
Complications
About 5% of people develop complications. These include:
- Acute viral meningitis as a complication of the coxsackievirus infection
- Adult males may develop orchitis
Less common complications include: [3]
- Hepatitis; HNC: Hepatic Necrosis and coagulopathy
- Pericarditis
- Myocarditis
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (DIC)
- Respiratory distress [4]
- Benign lymphocytic meningitis [5]
Clinical studies have shown that children affected with the Coxsackie B3 strain had the highest rate of complication, approximately 9.2%. The most common complication complications included DIC followed by respiratory distress, shock and hepatic necrosis.[6]
An unlikely complication included meningeal involvement, this was noted in an outbreak that occurred in Sweden with less than 10% of patients being affected.[7]
Prognosis
The prognosis is very good as the disease often results in complete recovery with mostly supportive care.[3]
- For male patients that experienced orchitis, treatment focused on bed rest as well as the use of suspensory bandages.[8]
References
- ↑ Lal A, Akhtar J, Isaac S, Mishra AK, Khan MS, Noreldin M; et al. (2018). "Unusual cause of chest pain, Bornholm disease, a forgotten entity; case report and review of literature". Respir Med Case Rep. 25 ( ): 270–273. doi:10.1016/j.rmcr.2018.10.005. PMC 6197799. PMID 30364740.
- ↑ JAMIESON WM, PRINSLEY DM (1947). "Bornholm disease in the tropics". Br Med J. 2 (4514): 47–50. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4514.47. PMC 2055212. PMID 20251794.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lal A, Akhtar J, Isaac S, Mishra AK, Khan MS, Noreldin M; et al. (2018). "Unusual cause of chest pain, Bornholm disease, a forgotten entity; case report and review of literature". Respir Med Case Rep. 25: 270–273. doi:10.1016/j.rmcr.2018.10.005. PMC 6197799. PMID 30364740.
- ↑ Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC; et al. (2014). "Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children". PLoS One. 9 (2): e87391. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087391. PMC 3913601. PMID 24504149.
- ↑ DISNEY ME, HOWARD EM, WOOD BS, FINDLAY GM (1953). "Bornholm disease in children". Br Med J. 1 (4824): 1351–4. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4824.1351. PMC 2016664. PMID 13042254.
- ↑ Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC; et al. (2014). "Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children". PLoS One. 9 (2): e87391. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087391. PMC 3913601. PMID 24504149.
- ↑ LANGDALE-SMITH HG, LANGDALE-SMITH DM, WILKINSON BR (1957). "Epidemic of meningoencephalitis and Bornholm disease". Br Med J. 1 (5022): 805–7. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5022.805. PMC 1973220. PMID 13404313.
- ↑ JAMIESON WM, PRINSLEY DM (1947). "Bornholm disease in the tropics". Br Med J. 2 (4514): 47–50. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4514.47. PMC 2055212. PMID 20251794.