Cardiac tumors echocardiography or ultrasound

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dheeraj Makkar, M.D.[2]

Overview

• Echocardiography is a readily available, mobile, and economic imaging technique that provides the initial information about the origins of a cardiac mass. The position, mobility, adherence, and shape of a mass can help establish whether it is benign or malignant.

Echocardiography findings in Cardiac tumors

• Echocardiography may be helpful in the diagnosis of cardiac tumors. Findings on an echocardiography suggestive of different cardiac tumors include:

Echocardiographic Features of Cardiac Tumors

Tumor	Findings
Myxoma	Myxoma appears as a heterogeneous, dynamic mass with one of two fundamental morphologies Polypoid myxomas have a bigger size, smooth exterior and a jagged center from hemorrhage and necrosis. Papillary myxomas are often narrower and have an elongated look with numerous villi.
Papillary Fibroelastoma	Echocardiographic characteristics are tiny size, autonomous movement, and endocardial adherence. The margins seem stippled or glistening, particularly on TEE, due to agitation at the tumor–blood contact caused by finger-like extensions.
Rhabdomyoma	On the echocardiography, they may look like tiny, well-circumscribed (many) clusters or a pedunculated bulge in the heart cavity. They manifest brighter than the surrounding tissue with myocardial embedding.
Fibroma	They typically present as precise, well-defined, noncontractile, compact, and substantially echogenic tumors inside the myocardial tissue on echocardiography. Calcification could also develop.
Lipoma	Lipomas are often large, stationary, devoid of a pedicle, and well-contained on echocardiography. They are uniform and calcification-free, hyperechoic in the myocardial cavity but hypoechoic in the pericardium.
Hemangioma	Because hemangiomas are composed of distended vascular vessels, they exhibit on echocardiography as an echogenic mass with echolucencies. They can be present in the endocardium, myocardium, epicardium, or pericardium and are typically observed in the free wall of the right ventricle or the lateral wall of the left ventricle.
Lymphoma	Lymphomas can emerge as uniform, penetrating aggregates that cause 'wall stiffening' and limiting hemodynamics or as granular masses that penetrate the cardiac chamber, particularly the right atrium on echocardiography.
Angiosarcoma	They appear on echocardiography as lobulated heterogeneous aggregates with necrosis or bleeding. They lack a stalk, which distinguishes them from Myxomas and Papillary Fibroelastomas. Due to the presence of spindle cells, contrast echocardiography may not always detect a considerable increase, even when vascular.
Mesothelioma	Often, echocardiography demonstrates a pericardial effusion and a tumor surrounding the heart; a distinct lesion might not be detected.