Sudden cardiac death epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
Line 4: Line 4:


==Overview==
==Overview==
[[Sudden cardiac death]] ([[SCD]]) comprises almost 50% of all [[mortality]] due to [[cardiovascular]] problems <ref name="pmid22371442">{{cite journal| author=Myerburg RJ, Junttila MJ| title=Sudden cardiac death caused by coronary heart disease. | journal=Circulation | year= 2012 | volume= 125 | issue= 8 | pages= 1043-52 | pmid=22371442 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.023846 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22371442  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid24610738">{{cite journal| author=Stecker EC, Reinier K, Marijon E, Narayanan K, Teodorescu C, Uy-Evanado A | display-authors=etal| title=Public health burden of sudden cardiac death in the United States. | journal=Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol | year= 2014 | volume= 7 | issue= 2 | pages= 212-7 | pmid=24610738 | doi=10.1161/CIRCEP.113.001034 | pmc=4041478 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24610738  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid23404043">{{cite journal| author=Chen LY, Sotoodehnia N, Bůžková P, Lopez FL, Yee LM, Heckbert SR | display-authors=etal| title=Atrial fibrillation and the risk of sudden cardiac death: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study and cardiovascular health study. | journal=JAMA Intern Med | year= 2013 | volume= 173 | issue= 1 | pages= 29-35 | pmid=23404043 | doi=10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.744 | pmc=3578214 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23404043  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid26720493">{{cite journal| author=Marijon E, Uy-Evanado A, Dumas F, Karam N, Reinier K, Teodorescu C | display-authors=etal| title=Warning Symptoms Are Associated With Survival From Sudden Cardiac Arrest. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 2016 | volume= 164 | issue= 1 | pages= 23-9 | pmid=26720493 | doi=10.7326/M14-2342 | pmc=5624713 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26720493  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid25807988">{{cite journal| author=Glinge C, Jabbari R, Risgaard B, Lynge TH, Engstrøm T, Albert CM | display-authors=etal| title=Symptoms Before Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome: A Nationwide Study Among the Young in Denmark. | journal=J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol | year= 2015 | volume= 26 | issue= 7 | pages= 761-7 | pmid=25807988 | doi=10.1111/jce.12674 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25807988  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid34021040">{{cite journal| author=Ågesen FN, Lynge TH, Blanche P, Banner J, Prescott E, Jabbari R | display-authors=etal| title=Temporal trends and sex differences in sudden cardiac death in the Copenhagen City Heart Study. | journal=Heart | year= 2021 | volume= 107 | issue= 16 | pages= 1303-1309 | pmid=34021040 | doi=10.1136/heartjnl-2020-318881 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=34021040  }} </ref>. [[Incidence]] of [[SCD]] increases proportionally with [[age]] <ref name="pmid21131293">{{cite journal| author=Winkel BG, Holst AG, Theilade J, Kristensen IB, Thomsen JL, Ottesen GL | display-authors=etal| title=Nationwide study of sudden cardiac death in persons aged 1-35 years. | journal=Eur Heart J | year= 2011 | volume= 32 | issue= 8 | pages= 983-90 | pmid=21131293 | doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehq428 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21131293  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid24239636">{{cite journal| author=Pilmer CM, Kirsh JA, Hildebrandt D, Krahn AD, Gow RM| title=Sudden cardiac death in children and adolescents between 1 and 19 years of age. | journal=Heart Rhythm | year= 2014 | volume= 11 | issue= 2 | pages= 239-45 | pmid=24239636 | doi=10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.11.006 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24239636  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid24604905">{{cite journal| author=Risgaard B, Winkel BG, Jabbari R, Behr ER, Ingemann-Hansen O, Thomsen JL | display-authors=etal| title=Burden of sudden cardiac death in persons aged 1 to 49 years: nationwide study in Denmark. | journal=Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol | year= 2014 | volume= 7 | issue= 2 | pages= 205-11 | pmid=24604905 | doi=10.1161/CIRCEP.113.001421 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24604905  }} </ref> . [[Men]] are more commonly affected with [[sudden cardiac death]] than [[women]] in all age groups. [[Black]] individuals are more likely to develop [[cardiac arrest]].
[[Sudden cardiac death]] ([[SCD]]) comprises almost 50% of all [[mortality]] due to [[cardiovascular]] problems <ref name="pmid22371442">{{cite journal| author=Myerburg RJ, Junttila MJ| title=Sudden cardiac death caused by coronary heart disease. | journal=Circulation | year= 2012 | volume= 125 | issue= 8 | pages= 1043-52 | pmid=22371442 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.023846 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22371442  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid24610738">{{cite journal| author=Stecker EC, Reinier K, Marijon E, Narayanan K, Teodorescu C, Uy-Evanado A | display-authors=etal| title=Public health burden of sudden cardiac death in the United States. | journal=Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol | year= 2014 | volume= 7 | issue= 2 | pages= 212-7 | pmid=24610738 | doi=10.1161/CIRCEP.113.001034 | pmc=4041478 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24610738  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid23404043">{{cite journal| author=Chen LY, Sotoodehnia N, Bůžková P, Lopez FL, Yee LM, Heckbert SR | display-authors=etal| title=Atrial fibrillation and the risk of sudden cardiac death: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study and cardiovascular health study. | journal=JAMA Intern Med | year= 2013 | volume= 173 | issue= 1 | pages= 29-35 | pmid=23404043 | doi=10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.744 | pmc=3578214 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23404043  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid26720493">{{cite journal| author=Marijon E, Uy-Evanado A, Dumas F, Karam N, Reinier K, Teodorescu C | display-authors=etal| title=Warning Symptoms Are Associated With Survival From Sudden Cardiac Arrest. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 2016 | volume= 164 | issue= 1 | pages= 23-9 | pmid=26720493 | doi=10.7326/M14-2342 | pmc=5624713 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26720493  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid25807988">{{cite journal| author=Glinge C, Jabbari R, Risgaard B, Lynge TH, Engstrøm T, Albert CM | display-authors=etal| title=Symptoms Before Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome: A Nationwide Study Among the Young in Denmark. | journal=J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol | year= 2015 | volume= 26 | issue= 7 | pages= 761-7 | pmid=25807988 | doi=10.1111/jce.12674 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25807988  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid34021040">{{cite journal| author=Ågesen FN, Lynge TH, Blanche P, Banner J, Prescott E, Jabbari R | display-authors=etal| title=Temporal trends and sex differences in sudden cardiac death in the Copenhagen City Heart Study. | journal=Heart | year= 2021 | volume= 107 | issue= 16 | pages= 1303-1309 | pmid=34021040 | doi=10.1136/heartjnl-2020-318881 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=34021040  }} </ref>. [[Incidence]] of [[SCD]] increases proportionally with [[age]] <ref name="pmid21131293">{{cite journal| author=Winkel BG, Holst AG, Theilade J, Kristensen IB, Thomsen JL, Ottesen GL | display-authors=etal| title=Nationwide study of sudden cardiac death in persons aged 1-35 years. | journal=Eur Heart J | year= 2011 | volume= 32 | issue= 8 | pages= 983-90 | pmid=21131293 | doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehq428 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21131293  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid24239636">{{cite journal| author=Pilmer CM, Kirsh JA, Hildebrandt D, Krahn AD, Gow RM| title=Sudden cardiac death in children and adolescents between 1 and 19 years of age. | journal=Heart Rhythm | year= 2014 | volume= 11 | issue= 2 | pages= 239-45 | pmid=24239636 | doi=10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.11.006 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24239636  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid24604905">{{cite journal| author=Risgaard B, Winkel BG, Jabbari R, Behr ER, Ingemann-Hansen O, Thomsen JL | display-authors=etal| title=Burden of sudden cardiac death in persons aged 1 to 49 years: nationwide study in Denmark. | journal=Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol | year= 2014 | volume= 7 | issue= 2 | pages= 205-11 | pmid=24604905 | doi=10.1161/CIRCEP.113.001421 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24604905  }} </ref> . [[Men]] are more commonly affected with [[sudden cardiac death]] than [[women]] in all age groups.<ref name="pmid34021040">{{cite journal| author=Ågesen FN, Lynge TH, Blanche P, Banner J, Prescott E, Jabbari R | display-authors=etal| title=Temporal trends and sex differences in sudden cardiac death in the Copenhagen City Heart Study. | journal=Heart | year= 2021 | volume= 107 | issue= 16 | pages= 1303-1309 | pmid=34021040 | doi=10.1136/heartjnl-2020-318881 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=34021040 }} </ref> <ref name="pmid22294707">{{cite journal| author=Deo R, Albert CM| title=Epidemiology and genetics of sudden cardiac death. | journal=Circulation | year= 2012 | volume= 125 | issue= 4 | pages= 620-37 | pmid=22294707 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.023838 | pmc=3399522 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22294707  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid16682616">{{cite journal| author=Gerber Y, Jacobsen SJ, Frye RL, Weston SA, Killian JM, Roger VL| title=Secular trends in deaths from cardiovascular diseases: a 25-year community study. | journal=Circulation | year= 2006 | volume= 113 | issue= 19 | pages= 2285-92 | pmid=16682616 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.590463 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16682616  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid15131539">{{cite journal| author=Krahn AD, Connolly SJ, Roberts RS, Gent M, ATMA Investigators| title=Diminishing proportional risk of sudden death with advancing age: implications for prevention of sudden death. | journal=Am Heart J | year= 2004 | volume= 147 | issue= 5 | pages= 837-40 | pmid=15131539 | doi=10.1016/j.ahj.2003.12.017 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15131539  }} </ref> Racial backgrounds have large effects <ref name="pmid8341333">{{cite journal| author=Becker LB, Han BH, Meyer PM, Wright FA, Rhodes KV, Smith DW | display-authors=etal| title=Racial differences in the incidence of cardiac arrest and subsequent survival. The CPR Chicago Project. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1993 | volume= 329 | issue= 9 | pages= 600-6 | pmid=8341333 | doi=10.1056/NEJM199308263290902 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8341333  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid30712378">{{cite journal| author=Zhao D, Post WS, Blasco-Colmenares E, Cheng A, Zhang Y, Deo R | display-authors=etal| title=Racial Differences in Sudden Cardiac Death. | journal=Circulation | year= 2019 | volume= 139 | issue= 14 | pages= 1688-1697 | pmid=30712378 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.036553 | pmc=6443438 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30712378  }} </ref>.


==Epidemiology and demographics==
==Epidemiology and demographics==

Revision as of 16:27, 19 July 2023

Sudden cardiac death Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Sudden Cardiac versus Non-Cardiac Death

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Definitions and Diagnosis

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Urgent Treatment

Post Arrest Care and Prevention

Ethical Issues

Sudden cardiac death epidemiology and demographics On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Sudden cardiac death epidemiology and demographics

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Sudden cardiac death epidemiology and demographics

CDC on Sudden cardiac death epidemiology and demographics

Sudden cardiac death epidemiology and demographics in the news

Blogs on Sudden cardiac death epidemiology and demographics

Directions to Hospitals Treating Sudden cardiac death

Risk calculators and risk factors for Sudden cardiac death epidemiology and demographics

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Zand, M.D.[2] Edzel Lorraine Co, DMD, MD[3]

Overview

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) comprises almost 50% of all mortality due to cardiovascular problems [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]. Incidence of SCD increases proportionally with age [7] [8] [9] . Men are more commonly affected with sudden cardiac death than women in all age groups.[6] [10] [11] [12] Racial backgrounds have large effects [13] [14].

Epidemiology and demographics

  • The prevalence of sudden cardiac death is approximately 1.40 per 100,000 individuals in women to 6.68 per 100.000 individuals in men worldwide.[15]
  • In 2015, the incidence of adult in-hospital cardiac arrests was estimated to be 970 cases per 100,000 individuals in the United States.[16]

Age

Gender

Race

References

  1. ↑ Myerburg RJ, Junttila MJ (2012). "Sudden cardiac death caused by coronary heart disease". Circulation. 125 (8): 1043–52. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.023846. PMID 22371442.
  2. ↑ Stecker EC, Reinier K, Marijon E, Narayanan K, Teodorescu C, Uy-Evanado A; et al. (2014). "Public health burden of sudden cardiac death in the United States". Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 7 (2): 212–7. doi:10.1161/CIRCEP.113.001034. PMC 4041478. PMID 24610738.
  3. ↑ Chen LY, Sotoodehnia N, Bůžková P, Lopez FL, Yee LM, Heckbert SR; et al. (2013). "Atrial fibrillation and the risk of sudden cardiac death: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study and cardiovascular health study". JAMA Intern Med. 173 (1): 29–35. doi:10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.744. PMC 3578214. PMID 23404043.
  4. ↑ Marijon E, Uy-Evanado A, Dumas F, Karam N, Reinier K, Teodorescu C; et al. (2016). "Warning Symptoms Are Associated With Survival From Sudden Cardiac Arrest". Ann Intern Med. 164 (1): 23–9. doi:10.7326/M14-2342. PMC 5624713. PMID 26720493.
  5. ↑ Glinge C, Jabbari R, Risgaard B, Lynge TH, Engstrøm T, Albert CM; et al. (2015). "Symptoms Before Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome: A Nationwide Study Among the Young in Denmark". J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 26 (7): 761–7. doi:10.1111/jce.12674. PMID 25807988.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Ågesen FN, Lynge TH, Blanche P, Banner J, Prescott E, Jabbari R; et al. (2021). "Temporal trends and sex differences in sudden cardiac death in the Copenhagen City Heart Study". Heart. 107 (16): 1303–1309. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2020-318881. PMID 34021040 Check |pmid= value (help).
  7. ↑ Winkel BG, Holst AG, Theilade J, Kristensen IB, Thomsen JL, Ottesen GL; et al. (2011). "Nationwide study of sudden cardiac death in persons aged 1-35 years". Eur Heart J. 32 (8): 983–90. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehq428. PMID 21131293.
  8. ↑ Pilmer CM, Kirsh JA, Hildebrandt D, Krahn AD, Gow RM (2014). "Sudden cardiac death in children and adolescents between 1 and 19 years of age". Heart Rhythm. 11 (2): 239–45. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.11.006. PMID 24239636.
  9. ↑ Risgaard B, Winkel BG, Jabbari R, Behr ER, Ingemann-Hansen O, Thomsen JL; et al. (2014). "Burden of sudden cardiac death in persons aged 1 to 49 years: nationwide study in Denmark". Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 7 (2): 205–11. doi:10.1161/CIRCEP.113.001421. PMID 24604905.
  10. ↑ Deo R, Albert CM (2012). "Epidemiology and genetics of sudden cardiac death". Circulation. 125 (4): 620–37. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.023838. PMC 3399522. PMID 22294707.
  11. ↑ Gerber Y, Jacobsen SJ, Frye RL, Weston SA, Killian JM, Roger VL (2006). "Secular trends in deaths from cardiovascular diseases: a 25-year community study". Circulation. 113 (19): 2285–92. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.590463. PMID 16682616.
  12. ↑ Krahn AD, Connolly SJ, Roberts RS, Gent M, ATMA Investigators (2004). "Diminishing proportional risk of sudden death with advancing age: implications for prevention of sudden death". Am Heart J. 147 (5): 837–40. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2003.12.017. PMID 15131539.
  13. ↑ Becker LB, Han BH, Meyer PM, Wright FA, Rhodes KV, Smith DW; et al. (1993). "Racial differences in the incidence of cardiac arrest and subsequent survival. The CPR Chicago Project". N Engl J Med. 329 (9): 600–6. doi:10.1056/NEJM199308263290902. PMID 8341333.
  14. ↑ Zhao D, Post WS, Blasco-Colmenares E, Cheng A, Zhang Y, Deo R; et al. (2019). "Racial Differences in Sudden Cardiac Death". Circulation. 139 (14): 1688–1697. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.036553. PMC 6443438. PMID 30712378.
  15. ↑ Priori, Silvia G.; Blomström-Lundqvist, Carina; Mazzanti, Andrea; Blom, Nico; Borggrefe, Martin; Camm, John; Elliott, Perry Mark; Fitzsimons, Donna; Hatala, Robert; Hindricks, Gerhard; Kirchhof, Paulus; Kjeldsen, Keld; Kuck, Karl-Heinz; Hernandez-Madrid, Antonio; Nikolaou, Nikolaos; Norekvål, Tone M.; Spaulding, Christian; Van Veldhuisen, Dirk J. (2015). "2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death". European Heart Journal. 36 (41): 2793–2867. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv316. ISSN 0195-668X.
  16. ↑ Holmberg, Mathias J.; Ross, Catherine E.; Fitzmaurice, Garrett M.; Chan, Paul S.; Duval-Arnould, Jordan; Grossestreuer, Anne V.; Yankama, Tuyen; Donnino, Michael W.; Andersen, Lars W.; Chan, Paul; Grossestreuer, Anne V.; Moskowitz, Ari; Edelson, Dana; Ornato, Joseph; Berg, Katherine; Peberdy, Mary Ann; Churpek, Matthew; Kurz, Michael; Starks, Monique Anderson; Girotra, Saket; Perman, Sarah; Goldberger, Zachary; Guerguerian, Anne-Marie; Atkins, Dianne; Foglia, Elizabeth; Fink, Ericka; Lasa, Javier J.; Roberts, Joan; Bembea, Melanie; Gaies, Michael; Kleinman, Monica; Gupta, Punkaj; Sutton, Robert; Sawyer, Taylor (2019). "Annual Incidence of Adult and Pediatric In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in the United States". Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes. 12 (7). doi:10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.005580. ISSN 1941-7713.
  17. ↑ Neuspiel, Daniel R. (1985). "Sudden and Unexpected Natural Death in Childhood and Adolescence". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 254 (10): 1321. doi:10.1001/jama.1985.03360100071016. ISSN 0098-7484.
  18. ↑ Eckart, Robert E.; Shry, Eric A.; Burke, Allen P.; McNear, Jennifer A.; Appel, David A.; Castillo-Rojas, Laudino M.; Avedissian, Lena; Pearse, Lisa A.; Potter, Robert N.; Tremaine, Ladd; Gentlesk, Philip J.; Huffer, Linda; Reich, Stephen S.; Stevenson, William G. (2011). "Sudden Death in Young Adults". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 58 (12): 1254–1261. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.01.049. ISSN 0735-1097.
  19. ↑ Becker, Lance B.; Han, Ben H.; Meyer, Peter M.; Wright, Fred A.; Rhodes, Karin V.; Smith, David W.; Barrett, John (1993). "Racial Differences in the Incidence of Cardiac Arrest and Subsequent Survival". New England Journal of Medicine. 329 (9): 600–606. doi:10.1056/NEJM199308263290902. ISSN 0028-4793.

Template:WH Template:WS

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Sudden_cardiac_death_epidemiology_and_demographics&oldid=1734719"