Intraosseous ganglion

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Ae Template:Dheeraj Makkar

Overview

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Historical Perspective

• In 1928 Carp and Stout wrote a complete discussion on the genesis of the "simple" ganglion.
• In 1931 King proposed an intriguing hypothesis suggesting that the development of a ganglion was not attributed to degenerative processes but rather to the primitive mucoid secretion of connective tissue cells.
• Fairbank and Lloyd (1934), Ghormlev and Duckerty (1943), and Watson Jones (1948) have documented the reports of erosion of the tibial head by cysts originating from the semilunar cartilages.
• In 1949, Geoffrey R. Fisk introduced a description of an intraosseous ganglion in the distal end tibia.
• In 1956, Hicks introduced the term "synovial bone cysts" to characterize radiolucencies bordered by sclerotic margins within bones.
• In 1966, Crabbe coined the term "intraosseous ganglion" to describe a similar phenomenon.
• Other interchangeable terms for these entities include ganglionic cystic defect of bone, subchondral bone cyst, and juxta-articular bone cyst.

Classification

There are two primary types of intraosseous ganglion cysts:

• one arises from the infiltration of an extraosseous ganglion into the underlying bone,
• the other type is idiopathic in nature.

Pathophysiology

Potential theories regarding the pathogenesis include:

• 1.Mucoid degeneration of intraosseous connective tissue induced by changes in mechanical stress.
• 2.Infrequent infiltration of soft tissue ganglia adjacent to bone into the underlying bone.

However, the precise etiology remains unidentified.