Western equine encephalitis

Western equine encephalitis

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Synonyms and Related Keywords: Mosquito-borne

Epidemiology and Demographics

639 confirmed cases in the U.S. since 1964.

Risk Factors

• Epidemic disease that is difficult to predict
• Residents of endemic areas and visitors
• Persons with outdoor work and recreational activities
• Risk exposure increases as population expands into endemic areas
• Unknown overwintering cycle

Pathophysiology & Etiology

Western equine encephalitis virus, member of the family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus. Closely related to eastern and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses.

History and Symptoms

Symptoms range from mild flu-like illness to frank encephalitis, coma and death.

Treatment

• No licensed vaccine for human use
• No effective therapeutic drug

Primary Prevention

• Control measures expensive
• Limited financial support of surveillance and prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

• Total case costs range from $21,000 for transiently infected individuals to $3 million for severely infected individuals
• Insecticide applications can cost as much as $1.4 million depending on the size of area treated

Suggested Reading and Key General References

http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/arbor/weefact.htm