Whipworm infection: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
Zorkun (talk | contribs)
No edit summary
Zorkun (talk | contribs)
No edit summary
Line 24: Line 24:


The unembryonated eggs are passed with the stool '''1.'''. In the soil, the eggs develop into a 2-cell stage '''2.''', an advanced cleavage stage '''3.''', and then they embryonate '''4.'''; eggs become infective in 15 to 30 days. After ingestion (soil-contaminated hands or food), the eggs hatch in the small intestine, and release larvae '''5.''' that mature and establish themselves as adults in the colon '''6.'''. The adult worms (approximately 4 cm in length) live in the cecum and ascending colon. The adult worms are fixed in that location, with the anterior portions threaded into the mucosa. The females begin to oviposit 60 to 70 days after infection. Female worms in the cecum shed between 3,000 and 20,000 eggs per day. The life span of the adults is about 1 year.
The unembryonated eggs are passed with the stool '''1.'''. In the soil, the eggs develop into a 2-cell stage '''2.''', an advanced cleavage stage '''3.''', and then they embryonate '''4.'''; eggs become infective in 15 to 30 days. After ingestion (soil-contaminated hands or food), the eggs hatch in the small intestine, and release larvae '''5.''' that mature and establish themselves as adults in the colon '''6.'''. The adult worms (approximately 4 cm in length) live in the cecum and ascending colon. The adult worms are fixed in that location, with the anterior portions threaded into the mucosa. The females begin to oviposit 60 to 70 days after infection. Female worms in the cecum shed between 3,000 and 20,000 eggs per day. The life span of the adults is about 1 year.
<br clear="left"/>
==Diagnosis==  
==Diagnosis==  
'''Microscopy'''
'''Microscopy'''


[[Image:Trichuris eggA.jpg|thumb|left|T.trichiura egg]]
[[Image:Trichuris eggA.jpg|thumb|left|T.trichiura egg]]
 
<br clear="left"/>
A: Trichuris trichiura egg (wet preparation). The diagnostic characteristics are:
A: Trichuris trichiura egg (wet preparation). The diagnostic characteristics are:


Line 39: Line 39:


[[Image:Trichuris eggC.jpg|thumb|left|Trichuris egg]]
[[Image:Trichuris eggC.jpg|thumb|left|Trichuris egg]]
 
<br clear="left"/>
C: Trichuris trichiura eggs.  Figures show side-by-side eggs with regular (white arrows) and larger (black arrows) size eggs.
C: Trichuris trichiura eggs.  Figures show side-by-side eggs with regular (white arrows) and larger (black arrows) size eggs.
[[Image:Trichuris eggD.jpg|thumb|left|Trichuris egg]]  
[[Image:Trichuris eggD.jpg|thumb|left|Trichuris egg]]  
 
<br clear="left"/>
D: Atypical Trichuris sp. egg.
D: Atypical Trichuris sp. egg.




{{SIB}}
{{SIB}}



Revision as of 22:35, 18 January 2009

WikiDoc Resources for Whipworm infection

Articles

Most recent articles on Whipworm infection

Most cited articles on Whipworm infection

Review articles on Whipworm infection

Articles on Whipworm infection in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on Whipworm infection

Images of Whipworm infection

Photos of Whipworm infection

Podcasts & MP3s on Whipworm infection

Videos on Whipworm infection

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on Whipworm infection

Bandolier on Whipworm infection

TRIP on Whipworm infection

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on Whipworm infection at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on Whipworm infection

Clinical Trials on Whipworm infection at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Whipworm infection

NICE Guidance on Whipworm infection

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on Whipworm infection

CDC on Whipworm infection

Books

Books on Whipworm infection

News

Whipworm infection in the news

Be alerted to news on Whipworm infection

News trends on Whipworm infection

Commentary

Blogs on Whipworm infection

Definitions

Definitions of Whipworm infection

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on Whipworm infection

Discussion groups on Whipworm infection

Patient Handouts on Whipworm infection

Directions to Hospitals Treating Whipworm infection

Risk calculators and risk factors for Whipworm infection

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of Whipworm infection

Causes & Risk Factors for Whipworm infection

Diagnostic studies for Whipworm infection

Treatment of Whipworm infection

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on Whipworm infection

International

Whipworm infection en Espanol

Whipworm infection en Francais

Business

Whipworm infection in the Marketplace

Patents on Whipworm infection

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Whipworm infection

Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [1] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.

Overview

The nematode (roundworm) Trichuris trichiura, also called the human whipworm.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Demographics

The third most common round worm of humans. Worldwide, with infections more frequent in areas with tropical weather and poor sanitation practices, and among children. It is estimated that 800 million people are infected worldwide. Trichuriasis occurs in the southern United States.

Infections with the soil-transmitted intestinal helminths (i.e., Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and hookworm), estimated to affect approximately 1 billion persons, are among the most common and widespread human infections.

Risk Factors

Most frequently asymptomatic. Heavy infections, especially in small children, can cause gastrointestinal problems (abdominal pain, diarrhea, rectal prolapse) and possibly growth retardation.

Pathophysiology & Etiology

Life Cycle of Trichiuris trichiura

The unembryonated eggs are passed with the stool 1.. In the soil, the eggs develop into a 2-cell stage 2., an advanced cleavage stage 3., and then they embryonate 4.; eggs become infective in 15 to 30 days. After ingestion (soil-contaminated hands or food), the eggs hatch in the small intestine, and release larvae 5. that mature and establish themselves as adults in the colon 6.. The adult worms (approximately 4 cm in length) live in the cecum and ascending colon. The adult worms are fixed in that location, with the anterior portions threaded into the mucosa. The females begin to oviposit 60 to 70 days after infection. Female worms in the cecum shed between 3,000 and 20,000 eggs per day. The life span of the adults is about 1 year.

Diagnosis

Microscopy

T.trichiura egg


A: Trichuris trichiura egg (wet preparation). The diagnostic characteristics are:

  • a typical barrel shape
  • two polar plugs, that are unstained
  • size: 50 to 54 µm by 22 to 23 µm

The external layer of the shell of the egg is yellow-brown (in contrast to the clear polar plugs). The egg is unembryonated, as eggs are when passed with the stool.

Trichuris egg


C: Trichuris trichiura eggs. Figures show side-by-side eggs with regular (white arrows) and larger (black arrows) size eggs.

Trichuris egg


D: Atypical Trichuris sp. egg.


Template:SIB


Template:WS