Hypochloremia

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Overview

Hypochloremia (or Hypochloraemia) is an electrolyte disturbance whereby there is an abnormally depleted level of the chloride ion in the blood. It rarely occurs in the absence of other abnormalities. If it occurs together with metabolic alkalosis (decreased blood acidity) it is often due to vomiting.

Normal values of Chloride: 99-111 mEq/L (99-111 mmol/L)

Primary anion of extracellular fluid compartment; aids in maintenance of acid-base balance.

Causes

Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Hypochloremia

In alphabetical order

• ACTH-secreting tumors
• Adrenal insufficiency
• Bulimia nervosa
• Burns
• Congestive heart failure
• Cushing's syndrome
• Diabetic coma
• Diarrhea
• Drugs
• Excessive sweating
• Gastric suction
• Hyperaldosteronism
• Hyponatremia
• Overconsumption of licorice
• Pseudohyponatremia
• Renal failure
• Respiratory losses
• Salt-losing nephritis
• Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
• Vomiting

Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Hypochloremia

(By organ system)

Cardiovascular	Congestive heart failure
Chemical / poisoning	Drugs
Dermatologic	Excessive sweating
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	ACTH-secreting tumors, Adrenal insufficiency, Cushing's syndrome, Diabetic coma, Hyperaldosteronism, Hyponatremia, Pseudohyponatremia, Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Bulimia nervosa, Diarrhea, Gastric suction, Vomiting
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	Excessive sweating
Nutritional / Metabolic	Overconsumption of licorice
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	ACTH-secreting tumors
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	Drugs
Psychiatric	Bulimia nervosa
Pulmonary	Respiratory losses
Renal / Electrolyte	Hyponatremia, Renal failure, Salt-losing nephritis
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Burns
Urologic	Renal failure
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

External links

• FP Notebook

Template:Fluid, electrolyte, acid base metabolic pathology Template:Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic pathology

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