Glucose-insulin-potassium infusion: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
GIK is a pharmacologic regimen that has been extensively studied as adjunctive therapy in STEMI patients to reduce [[reperfusion injury]]. The majority of recent trials do not demonstrate a benefit on clinical outcomes. | GIK is a pharmacologic regimen that has been extensively studied as adjunctive therapy in STEMI patients to reduce [[reperfusion injury]]. The majority of recent trials do not demonstrate a benefit on clinical outcomes.<ref name="pmid4177929">{{cite journal |author= |title=Potassium, glucose, and insulin treatment for acute myocardial infarction |journal=Lancet |volume=2 |issue=7583 |pages=1355–60 |year=1968 |month=December |pmid=4177929 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
<ref name="pmid4177929">{{cite journal |author= |title=Potassium, glucose, and insulin treatment for acute myocardial infarction |journal=Lancet |volume=2 |issue=7583 |pages=1355–60 |year=1968 |month=December |pmid=4177929 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="pmid4171584">{{cite journal |author=Pentecost BL, Mayne NM, Lamb P |title=Controlled trial of intravenous glucose, potassium, and insulin in acute myocardial infarction |journal=Lancet |volume=1 |issue=7549 |pages=946–8 |year=1968 |month=May |pmid=4171584 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | <ref name="pmid4171584">{{cite journal |author=Pentecost BL, Mayne NM, Lamb P |title=Controlled trial of intravenous glucose, potassium, and insulin in acute myocardial infarction |journal=Lancet |volume=1 |issue=7549 |pages=946–8 |year=1968 |month=May |pmid=4171584 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
<ref name="pmid10439880">{{cite journal |author=Apstein CS, Opie LH |title=Glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) for acute myocardial infarction: a negative study with a positive value |journal=Cardiovasc Drugs Ther |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=185–9 |year=1999 |month=May |pmid=10439880 |doi= |url=http://www.kluweronline.com/art.pdf?issn=0920-3206&volume=13&page=185}}</ref> | <ref name="pmid10439880">{{cite journal |author=Apstein CS, Opie LH |title=Glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) for acute myocardial infarction: a negative study with a positive value |journal=Cardiovasc Drugs Ther |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=185–9 |year=1999 |month=May |pmid=10439880 |doi= |url=http://www.kluweronline.com/art.pdf?issn=0920-3206&volume=13&page=185}}</ref> | ||
<ref name="pmid9286943">{{cite journal |author=Fath-Ordoubadi F, Beatt KJ |title=Glucose-insulin-potassium therapy for treatment of acute myocardial infarction: an overview of randomized placebo-controlled trials |journal=Circulation |volume=96 |issue=4 |pages=1152–6 |year=1997 |month=August |pmid=9286943 |doi= |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9286943}}</ref> | <ref name="pmid9286943">{{cite journal |author=Fath-Ordoubadi F, Beatt KJ |title=Glucose-insulin-potassium therapy for treatment of acute myocardial infarction: an overview of randomized placebo-controlled trials |journal=Circulation |volume=96 |issue=4 |pages=1152–6 |year=1997 |month=August |pmid=9286943 |doi= |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9286943}}</ref> | ||
<ref name="pmid785990">{{cite journal |author=Rogers WJ, Stanley AW, Breinig JB, ''et al'' |title=Reduction of hospital mortality rate of acute myocardial infarction with glucose-insulin-potassium infusion |journal=Am. Heart J. |volume=92 |issue=4 |pages=441–54 |year=1976 |month=October |pmid=785990 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | <ref name="pmid785990">{{cite journal |author=Rogers WJ, Stanley AW, Breinig JB, ''et al'' |title=Reduction of hospital mortality rate of acute myocardial infarction with glucose-insulin-potassium infusion |journal=Am. Heart J. |volume=92 |issue=4 |pages=441–54 |year=1976 |month=October |pmid=785990 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
<ref name="pmid7044275">{{cite journal |author=Rackley CE, Russell RO, Rogers WJ, Mantle JA, McDaniel HG, Papapietro SE |title=Glucose-insulin-potassium administration in acute myocardial infarction |journal=Annu. Rev. Med. |volume=33 |issue= |pages=375–83 |year=1982 |pmid=7044275 |doi=10.1146/annurev.me.33.020182.002111 |url=}}</ref> | <ref name="pmid7044275">{{cite journal |author=Rackley CE, Russell RO, Rogers WJ, Mantle JA, McDaniel HG, Papapietro SE |title=Glucose-insulin-potassium administration in acute myocardial infarction |journal=Annu. Rev. Med. |volume=33 |issue= |pages=375–83 |year=1982 |pmid=7044275 |doi=10.1146/annurev.me.33.020182.002111 |url=}}</ref> | ||
<ref name="pmid7044275">{{cite journal |author=Rackley CE, Russell RO, Rogers WJ, Mantle JA, McDaniel HG, Papapietro SE |title=Glucose-insulin-potassium administration in acute myocardial infarction |journal=Annu. Rev. Med. |volume=33 |issue= |pages=375–83 |year=1982 |pmid=7044275 |doi=10.1146/annurev.me.33.020182.002111 |url=}}</ref> | <ref name="pmid7044275">{{cite journal |author=Rackley CE, Russell RO, Rogers WJ, Mantle JA, McDaniel HG, Papapietro SE |title=Glucose-insulin-potassium administration in acute myocardial infarction |journal=Annu. Rev. Med. |volume=33 |issue= |pages=375–83 |year=1982 |pmid=7044275 |doi=10.1146/annurev.me.33.020182.002111 |url=}}</ref> | ||
<ref name="pmid3300232">{{cite journal |author=Satler LF, Green CE, Kent KM, Pallas RS, Pearle DL, Rackley CE |title=Metabolic support during coronary reperfusion |journal=Am. Heart J. |volume=114 |issue=1 Pt 1 |pages=54–8 |year=1987 |month=July |pmid=3300232 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | <ref name="pmid3300232">{{cite journal |author=Satler LF, Green CE, Kent KM, Pallas RS, Pearle DL, Rackley CE |title=Metabolic support during coronary reperfusion |journal=Am. Heart J. |volume=114 |issue=1 Pt 1 |pages=54–8 |year=1987 |month=July |pmid=3300232 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
<ref name="pmid7797776">{{cite journal |author=Malmberg K, Rydén L, Efendic S, ''et al'' |title=Randomized trial of insulin-glucose infusion followed by subcutaneous insulin treatment in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI study): effects on mortality at 1 year |journal=J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=57–65 |year=1995 |month=July |pmid=7797776 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/073510979500126K}}</ref> | <ref name="pmid7797776">{{cite journal |author=Malmberg K, Rydén L, Efendic S, ''et al'' |title=Randomized trial of insulin-glucose infusion followed by subcutaneous insulin treatment in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI study): effects on mortality at 1 year |journal=J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=57–65 |year=1995 |month=July |pmid=7797776 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/073510979500126K}}</ref> | ||
<ref name="pmid9867443">{{cite journal |author=Díaz R, Paolasso EA, Piegas LS, ''et al'' |title=Metabolic modulation of acute myocardial infarction. The ECLA (Estudios Cardiológicos Latinoamérica) Collaborative Group |journal=Circulation |volume=98 |issue=21 |pages=2227–34 |year=1998 |month=November |pmid=9867443 |doi= |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9867443}}</ref> | <ref name="pmid9867443">{{cite journal |author=Díaz R, Paolasso EA, Piegas LS, ''et al'' |title=Metabolic modulation of acute myocardial infarction. The ECLA (Estudios Cardiológicos Latinoamérica) Collaborative Group |journal=Circulation |volume=98 |issue=21 |pages=2227–34 |year=1998 |month=November |pmid=9867443 |doi= |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9867443}}</ref> | ||
<ref name="pmid10439881">{{cite journal |author=Ceremuzyński L, Budaj A, Czepiel A, ''et al'' |title=Low-dose glucose-insulin-potassium is ineffective in acute myocardial infarction: results of a randomized multicenter Pol-GIK trial |journal=Cardiovasc Drugs Ther |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=191–200 |year=1999 |month=May |pmid=10439881 |doi= |url=http://www.kluweronline.com/art.pdf?issn=0920-3206&volume=13&page=191}}</ref> | <ref name="pmid10439881">{{cite journal |author=Ceremuzyński L, Budaj A, Czepiel A, ''et al'' |title=Low-dose glucose-insulin-potassium is ineffective in acute myocardial infarction: results of a randomized multicenter Pol-GIK trial |journal=Cardiovasc Drugs Ther |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=191–200 |year=1999 |month=May |pmid=10439881 |doi= |url=http://www.kluweronline.com/art.pdf?issn=0920-3206&volume=13&page=191}}</ref> | ||
<ref name="pmid12957421">{{cite journal |author=van der Horst IC, Zijlstra F, van 't Hof AW, ''et al'' |title=Glucose-insulin-potassium infusion inpatients treated with primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction: the glucose-insulin-potassium study: a randomized trial |journal=J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. |volume=42 |issue=5 |pages=784–91 |year=2003 |month=September |pmid=12957421 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735109703008301}}</ref> | <ref name="pmid12957421">{{cite journal |author=van der Horst IC, Zijlstra F, van 't Hof AW, ''et al'' |title=Glucose-insulin-potassium infusion inpatients treated with primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction: the glucose-insulin-potassium study: a randomized trial |journal=J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. |volume=42 |issue=5 |pages=784–91 |year=2003 |month=September |pmid=12957421 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735109703008301}}</ref> | ||
<ref name="pmid12706939">{{cite journal |author=Sack MN, Yellon DM |title=Insulin therapy as an adjunct to reperfusion after acute coronary ischemia: a proposed direct myocardial cell survival effect independent of metabolic modulation |journal=J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. |volume=41 |issue=8 |pages=1404–7 |year=2003 |month=April |pmid=12706939 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735109703001645}}</ref> | <ref name="pmid12706939">{{cite journal |author=Sack MN, Yellon DM |title=Insulin therapy as an adjunct to reperfusion after acute coronary ischemia: a proposed direct myocardial cell survival effect independent of metabolic modulation |journal=J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. |volume=41 |issue=8 |pages=1404–7 |year=2003 |month=April |pmid=12706939 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735109703001645}}</ref> | ||
<ref name="pmid1199950">{{cite journal |author=Stanley AW, Moraski RE, Russell RO, ''et al'' |title=Effects of glucose-insulin-potassium on myocardial substrate availability and utilization in stable coronary artery disease. Studies on myocardial carbohydrate, lipid and oxygen arterial-coronary sinus differences in patients with coronary artery disease |journal=Am. J. Cardiol. |volume=36 |issue=7 |pages=929–37 |year=1975 |month=December |pmid=1199950 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | <ref name="pmid1199950">{{cite journal |author=Stanley AW, Moraski RE, Russell RO, ''et al'' |title=Effects of glucose-insulin-potassium on myocardial substrate availability and utilization in stable coronary artery disease. Studies on myocardial carbohydrate, lipid and oxygen arterial-coronary sinus differences in patients with coronary artery disease |journal=Am. J. Cardiol. |volume=36 |issue=7 |pages=929–37 |year=1975 |month=December |pmid=1199950 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
<ref name="pmid4941225">{{cite journal |author=Hjermann I |title=A controlled study of peroral glucose, insulin and potassium treatment in myocardial infarction |journal=Acta Med Scand |volume=190 |issue=3 |pages=213–8 |year=1971 |month=September |pmid=4941225 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | <ref name="pmid4941225">{{cite journal |author=Hjermann I |title=A controlled study of peroral glucose, insulin and potassium treatment in myocardial infarction |journal=Acta Med Scand |volume=190 |issue=3 |pages=213–8 |year=1971 |month=September |pmid=4941225 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 20:15, 4 March 2009
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Synonyms and keywords:: GIK
Overview
GIK is a pharmacologic regimen that has been extensively studied as adjunctive therapy in STEMI patients to reduce reperfusion injury. The majority of recent trials do not demonstrate a benefit on clinical outcomes.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14]
References
- ↑ "Potassium, glucose, and insulin treatment for acute myocardial infarction". Lancet. 2 (7583): 1355–60. 1968. PMID 4177929. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Pentecost BL, Mayne NM, Lamb P (1968). "Controlled trial of intravenous glucose, potassium, and insulin in acute myocardial infarction". Lancet. 1 (7549): 946–8. PMID 4171584. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Apstein CS, Opie LH (1999). "Glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) for acute myocardial infarction: a negative study with a positive value" (PDF). Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 13 (3): 185–9. PMID 10439880. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Fath-Ordoubadi F, Beatt KJ (1997). "Glucose-insulin-potassium therapy for treatment of acute myocardial infarction: an overview of randomized placebo-controlled trials". Circulation. 96 (4): 1152–6. PMID 9286943. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Rogers WJ, Stanley AW, Breinig JB; et al. (1976). "Reduction of hospital mortality rate of acute myocardial infarction with glucose-insulin-potassium infusion". Am. Heart J. 92 (4): 441–54. PMID 785990. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 6.0 6.1 Rackley CE, Russell RO, Rogers WJ, Mantle JA, McDaniel HG, Papapietro SE (1982). "Glucose-insulin-potassium administration in acute myocardial infarction". Annu. Rev. Med. 33: 375–83. doi:10.1146/annurev.me.33.020182.002111. PMID 7044275.
- ↑ Satler LF, Green CE, Kent KM, Pallas RS, Pearle DL, Rackley CE (1987). "Metabolic support during coronary reperfusion". Am. Heart J. 114 (1 Pt 1): 54–8. PMID 3300232. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Malmberg K, Rydén L, Efendic S; et al. (1995). "Randomized trial of insulin-glucose infusion followed by subcutaneous insulin treatment in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI study): effects on mortality at 1 year". J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 26 (1): 57–65. PMID 7797776. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Díaz R, Paolasso EA, Piegas LS; et al. (1998). "Metabolic modulation of acute myocardial infarction. The ECLA (Estudios Cardiológicos Latinoamérica) Collaborative Group". Circulation. 98 (21): 2227–34. PMID 9867443. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Ceremuzyński L, Budaj A, Czepiel A; et al. (1999). "Low-dose glucose-insulin-potassium is ineffective in acute myocardial infarction: results of a randomized multicenter Pol-GIK trial" (PDF). Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 13 (3): 191–200. PMID 10439881. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ van der Horst IC, Zijlstra F, van 't Hof AW; et al. (2003). "Glucose-insulin-potassium infusion inpatients treated with primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction: the glucose-insulin-potassium study: a randomized trial". J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 42 (5): 784–91. PMID 12957421. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Sack MN, Yellon DM (2003). "Insulin therapy as an adjunct to reperfusion after acute coronary ischemia: a proposed direct myocardial cell survival effect independent of metabolic modulation". J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 41 (8): 1404–7. PMID 12706939. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Stanley AW, Moraski RE, Russell RO; et al. (1975). "Effects of glucose-insulin-potassium on myocardial substrate availability and utilization in stable coronary artery disease. Studies on myocardial carbohydrate, lipid and oxygen arterial-coronary sinus differences in patients with coronary artery disease". Am. J. Cardiol. 36 (7): 929–37. PMID 1199950. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Hjermann I (1971). "A controlled study of peroral glucose, insulin and potassium treatment in myocardial infarction". Acta Med Scand. 190 (3): 213–8. PMID 4941225. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)
Category:Cardiology