Penile agenesis: Difference between revisions

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	Penile agenesis;
ICD-9	752.69

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Revision as of 19:20, 6 April 2009

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Overview

Penile agenesis is a very rare birth defect in humans, occurring about once in 30 million births, where a male child is born without a penis.^[1] It is also known as aphallia. Most patients have no known family history of aphallia, and often have a normal male anatomy, save for the absence of the penis.

Treatment

Treatment is psychological and surgical.

References

↑ Bangroo, A. K. (2005). "Penile agenesis" (PDF). J. Indian Assoc. Pediatr. Surg. 10 (4). Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)

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Template:WH Template:WikiDoc Sources

[1] Bangroo, A. K. (2005). "Penile agenesis" (PDF). J. Indian Assoc. Pediatr. Surg. 10 (4). Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)

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 ==Overview==
-This is a description in lay terms for ease of understanding.
+'''Penile agenesis''' is a very rare [[birth defect]] in [[human]]s, occurring about once in 30 million births, where a male child is born without a [[penis]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Bangroo|first=A. K.|coauthors=Ramji Khetri and Shashi Tiwari|date=2005|title=Penile agenesis|journal=J. Indian Assoc. Pediatr. Surg.|volume=10|issue=4|url=http://medind.nic.in/jan/t05/i4/jant05i4p256.pdf}}</ref> It is also known as [[aphallia]]. Most patients have no known family history of aphallia, and often have a normal male anatomy, save for the absence of the penis.
-'''Penile agenesis''' is a very rare [[birth defect]] in [[human]]s, occurring about once in 5-10 million births, where a male child is born without a [[penis]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Bangroo|first=A. K.|coauthors=Ramji Khetri and Shashi Tiwari|date=2005|title=Penile agenesis|journal=J. Indian Assoc. Pediatr. Surg.|volume=10|issue=4|url=http://medind.nic.in/jan/t05/i4/jant05i4p256.pdf}}</ref>  There were recently thought to be fewer but the condition is remarkably more frequent in India and South-east Asia. It is also known as [[aphallia]] [from the Greek, "a" for negative or no, and "phallia" for penis]. Most patients have no known family history of aphallia, and often have a normal male anatomy, save for the absence of the penis.
-A partner condition is testicular or gonadal agenesis.  This is where the male child is born without [[gonads]] and consequently develops no [[testes]].  The function of [[Leydig cells]] in the [[embryo]] is to convert the gonads into [[testicles]] in males-to-be and into [[ovaries]] in females-to-be.  In this condition, the process fails.
-Penile agenesis can exist independently after full testicular development, though the causes of this in particular are uncertain.  However, testicular agenesis can lead to its partner condition by due process.  Testes are the sole producer of [[5-alpha dihydrotestosterone]] (5aDHT) in the male body.  Where the gonads fail to metamorphose into testes, there is no 5aDHT.  Therefore the masculising process to build the genital tubercle which eventually becomes the penis is stillborn.  Where this happens, the child is born with penile and testicular agenesis and is known by the slang term "nullo".
-The sufferers of just one of the conditions usually continue as males throughout their lives.  With very few exceptions the penile and testicular agenetic is brought up as a female and eventually undergoes http://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Sex_reassignment_surgery.  This is despite being 46xy karyotype male and having no female sexual characteristics. This is an unclear part of anatomy.  The organs that prevent the development of the embryo into a female are called [[Anti-Mullerian hormones]].  They are commonly believed to be created in the testes, but male embryos without testes still appear to produce these hormones.
-A problem with the full condition is the absence of a urinary outlet.  This can be approached as follows.  Before genital metamorphosis, the [[urethra]] runs down the anal wall, to be pulled away by the genital tubercle during male development.  It remains there in the agenetic.  In one case, 45 years ago, the surgeons redirected the urethra to the rim of the [[anus]] immediately after birth (it is not good to urinate internally).  The [[perineum]] (space between the rectum and where the genitalia would have been) is therefore smooth and devoid of any organs, male or female, as is the internal genital area of the body.
-The "sex-change" is a human rights issue that will never be tackled due to the very small number of sufferers.  This column is only aware of one full agenetic still living as a male in the world today.  All sufferers of penile and testicular agenesis ar [[impotent]].
 ==Treatment==
-Largely, treatment is psychological and surgical.  Within a few years full male genital constructive surgery will be available so there will thankfully be no more penile and testicular agenetics cheated out of their masculinity.  At the moment the operation is still in the proving stage, although one of the full agenetics is part-way through this surgery but has for his own psychological reasons surprisingly postponed it.
+Treatment is psychological and surgical.
 ==See also==

v t e Congenital malformations and deformations of sex organs (Q50-Q56 · 752)
Female	Template:Navbox subgroup
Male	Template:Navbox subgroup
SDS/DSD	Pseudohermaphroditism · True hermaphroditism · Mixed gonadal dysgenesis · Swyer syndrome · Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome
See also noncongenital, neoplasia

Penile agenesis: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 19:20, 6 April 2009

Contents

Overview

Treatment

See also

References

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