Respiratory failure: Difference between revisions
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*Type 2 respiratory failure is defined build up of carbon dioxide that has been generated by the body. The underlying causes are reduced breathing effort (in the fatigued patient), increased resistance to breathing (such as in [[asthma]]) or an increase in the area of the lung that is not available for gas exchange (such as in [[emphysema]]). | *Type 2 respiratory failure is defined build up of carbon dioxide that has been generated by the body. The underlying causes are reduced breathing effort (in the fatigued patient), increased resistance to breathing (such as in [[asthma]]) or an increase in the area of the lung that is not available for gas exchange (such as in [[emphysema]]). | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes of Hypoventilation== | ||
*[[Codeine]], | *[[Codeine]], | ||
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*[[Triazolam]], | *[[Triazolam]], | ||
*[[Zopiclone]], | *[[Zopiclone]], | ||
more on [[Dyspnea]] | |||
==Complete Differential Diagnosis of Causes of Respiratory Failure== | ==Complete Differential Diagnosis of Causes of Respiratory Failure== | ||
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*[[Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease]] | *[[Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease]] | ||
*[[Clitocybe dealbata]] | *[[Clitocybe dealbata]] | ||
*Coal worker pneumoconiosis | *Coal worker pneumoconiosis | ||
*[[Cocaine]] | *[[Cocaine]] | ||
*[[Colchicine]] | *[[Colchicine]] | ||
*[[Cone snail]] | *[[Cone snail]] | ||
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*[[Familial dysautonomia]] | *[[Familial dysautonomia]] | ||
*[[Fat embolism]] | *[[Fat embolism]] | ||
*[[Fetal circulation, persistent]] | *[[Fetal circulation, persistent]] | ||
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] | *[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] | ||
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*[[Foreign body]] | *[[Foreign body]] | ||
*[[Furfural]] | *[[Furfural]] | ||
*[[Glotto Emphysema]] | *[[Glotto Emphysema]] | ||
*[[Glycogen storage disease type I]] | *[[Glycogen storage disease type I]] | ||
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*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]] | *[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]] | ||
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] | *[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] | ||
*[[Human ehrlichiosis]] | *[[Human ehrlichiosis]] | ||
*[[Infant respiratory distress syndrome]] | *[[Infant respiratory distress syndrome]] | ||
*[[Interstitial fibrosis]] | *[[Interstitial fibrosis]] | ||
*[[Kyphoscoliosis]] | *[[Kyphoscoliosis]] | ||
*[[Laryngo-/Bronchospasm]] | *[[Laryngo-/Bronchospasm]] | ||
*[[Legionella pneumophila]] | *[[Legionella pneumophila]] | ||
*[[Malignant hyperpyrexia]] | *[[Malignant hyperpyrexia]] | ||
*[[Malignant Mesothelioma]] | *[[Malignant Mesothelioma]] | ||
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*[[Meningitis]] | *[[Meningitis]] | ||
*[[Metabolic Acidosis]] | *[[Metabolic Acidosis]] | ||
*[[Multiple chemical sensitivity]] | *[[Multiple chemical sensitivity]] | ||
*[[Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome]] | *[[Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome]] | ||
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*[[Myasthenia Gravis]] | *[[Myasthenia Gravis]] | ||
*Near-drowning | *Near-drowning | ||
*[[Omphalitis]] | *[[Omphalitis]] | ||
*[[Osteogenesis imperfecta]] | *[[Osteogenesis imperfecta]] | ||
*[[Pleural effusion]] | *[[Pleural effusion]] | ||
*[[Pneumonia]] | *[[Pneumonia]] | ||
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*[[Potter syndrome]] | *[[Potter syndrome]] | ||
*[[Pre-eclampsia]] | *[[Pre-eclampsia]] | ||
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] | *[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] | ||
*[[Pulmonary arterio-venous malformation]] | *[[Pulmonary arterio-venous malformation]] | ||
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*[[Smoke inhalation]] | *[[Smoke inhalation]] | ||
*[[Snakebites (Patient information)]] | *[[Snakebites (Patient information)]] | ||
*[[Status asthmaticus]] | *[[Status asthmaticus]] | ||
*Sulphur dioxide | *Sulphur dioxide | ||
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*[[Tick paralysis]] | *[[Tick paralysis]] | ||
*[[Transposition of great arteries]] | *[[Transposition of great arteries]] | ||
*[[Tricuspid valve stenosis]] | *[[Tricuspid valve stenosis]] | ||
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] | *[[Ventricular septal defect]] | ||
*[[Vinyl chloride]] | *[[Vinyl chloride]] | ||
*[[Zellweger syndrome]] | *[[Zellweger syndrome]] | ||
{{EndMultiCol}} | {{EndMultiCol}} | ||
Revision as of 14:05, 13 May 2009
| Respiratory failure | |
| ICD-10 | J96 |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 518.81 |
| DiseasesDB | 6623 |
| eMedicine | med/2011 |
| MeSH | D012131 |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2] M.Umer Tariq [3]
Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [4] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.
Overview
Respiratory failure is a medical term for inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system. Respiratory failure can be indicated by observing a drop in blood oxygen level (hypoxemia) and/or a rise in arterial carbon dioxide (hypercapnia) which can be written as (PaO2 < 60 mmHg, PaCO2 >45 mmHg).
Classification into type I or type II relates to the absence or presence of hypercapnia respectively. (Values in kPA being PO2 below 8kPA and PCO2 above 6.7kPa
Types
Type 1
- Type 1 respiratory failure is defined as hypoxia without hypercapnia, indeed the CO2 level may be normal or low. It is typically caused by a ventilation/perfusion mismatch; the air flowing in and out of the lungs is not matched with the flow of blood to the lungs. This type is caused by conditions that affect oxygenation like:
1.parenchymal disease (v-q mismatch)
2.diseases of vasculature and shunts.
Type 2
- Type 2 respiratory failure is defined build up of carbon dioxide that has been generated by the body. The underlying causes are reduced breathing effort (in the fatigued patient), increased resistance to breathing (such as in asthma) or an increase in the area of the lung that is not available for gas exchange (such as in emphysema).
Causes of Hypoventilation
- Codeine,
- Clozapine,
- Fentanyl,
- Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid,
- Heroin,
- Ketamine,
- Lidocaine,
- Labetalol,
- Lorazepam,
- Morphine,
- Nitrazepam,
- Opiate,
- Oxymorphone,
- Procainamide (patient information),
- Sodium thiopental,
- Triazolam,
- Zopiclone,
more on Dyspnea
Complete Differential Diagnosis of Causes of Respiratory Failure
(In alphabetical order)
Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Respiratory failure
(By organ system)
Treatment
Emergency treatment follows the principles of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Treatment of the underlying cause is required. Mechanical ventilation may be required.
External Links
eMedicine Respiratory Failure [5]
Template:Respiratory pathology
de:Ateminsuffizienz
no:Respirasjonssvikt
fr:Insuffisance respiratoire