Giardiasis (patient information): Difference between revisions
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'''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Giardiasis|here]]''' | '''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Giardiasis|here]]''' | ||
{{ | {{Giardiasis (patient information)}} | ||
{{CMG}}; '''Assistant Editor-in-Chief:''' Cassandra Abueg, M.P.H [mailto:cabueg@perfuse.org] | {{CMG}}; '''Assistant Editor-in-Chief:''' Cassandra Abueg, M.P.H [mailto:cabueg@perfuse.org] | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Giardiasis is a diarrheal disease caused by the microscopic parasite [[Giardia lamblia|''Giardia'']]. A parasite is an organism that feeds off of another to survive. Once a person or animal (for example, cats, dogs, cattle, deer, and beavers) has been [[Infection|infected]] with [[Giardia lamblia|''Giardia'']], the parasite lives in the intestines and is passed in [[Feces|feces]](poop). Once outside the body, [[Giardia lamblia|''Giardia'']] can sometimes survive for weeks or months. [[Giardia lamblia|''Giardia'']] can be found within every region of the U.S. and around the world. | Giardiasis is a diarrheal disease caused by the microscopic parasite [[Giardia lamblia|''Giardia'']]. A parasite is an organism that feeds off of another to survive. Once a person or animal (for example, cats, dogs, cattle, deer, and beavers) has been [[Infection|infected]] with [[Giardia lamblia|''Giardia'']], the parasite lives in the intestines and is passed in [[Feces|feces]](poop). Once outside the body, [[Giardia lamblia|''Giardia'']] can sometimes survive for weeks or months. [[Giardia lamblia|''Giardia'']] can be found within every region of the U.S. and around the world. | ||
==How is it spread?== | ==How is it spread?== | ||
[[Giardiasis|Giardiasis]] outbreaks can occur in communities in both developed and developing countries where water supplies become contaminated with raw sewage. | [[Giardiasis|Giardiasis]] outbreaks can occur in communities in both developed and developing countries where water supplies become contaminated with raw sewage. | ||
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Travelers are at risk for [[Giardiasis|giardiasis]] throughout the world. Campers and hikers are at risk if they drink untreated water from streams and lakes. Other risk factors include: | Travelers are at risk for [[Giardiasis|giardiasis]] throughout the world. Campers and hikers are at risk if they drink untreated water from streams and lakes. Other risk factors include: | ||
*Exposure to a family member with [[Giardiasis|giardiasis]] | *Exposure to a family member with [[Giardiasis|giardiasis]] | ||
*Institutional (day care or nursing home) exposure | *Institutional (day care or nursing home) exposure | ||
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==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
[[Giardia lamblia|''Giardia'']] [[Infection|infection]] can cause a variety of intestinal symptoms, which include: | [[Giardia lamblia|''Giardia'']] [[Infection|infection]] can cause a variety of intestinal symptoms, which include: | ||
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===How long after infection do symptoms appear?=== | ===How long after infection do symptoms appear?=== | ||
The time between [[Infection|infection]] and developing symptoms is 7 - 14 days. | The time between [[Infection|infection]] and developing symptoms is 7 - 14 days. | ||
===How long will symptoms last?=== | ===How long will symptoms last?=== | ||
In otherwise healthy people, symptoms of [[Giardiasis|giardiasis]] may last 2 to 6 weeks. Occasionally, symptoms last longer. Medications can help decrease the amount of time symptoms last. | In otherwise healthy people, symptoms of [[Giardiasis|giardiasis]] may last 2 to 6 weeks. Occasionally, symptoms last longer. Medications can help decrease the amount of time symptoms last. | ||
===What are possible complications?=== | ===What are possible complications?=== | ||
*[[Dehydration|Dehydration]] | *[[Dehydration|Dehydration]] | ||
*[[Malabsorption|Malabsorption]] (inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestinal tract) | *[[Malabsorption|Malabsorption]] (inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestinal tract) | ||
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==Who is at risk of getting giardiasis?== | ==Who is at risk of getting giardiasis?== | ||
Though [[Giardiasis|giardiasis]] is commonly thought of as a camping or backpacking-related disease and is sometimes called "Beaver Fever," anyone can get [[Giardiasis|giardiasis]]. People more likely to become [[Infection|infected]] include: | Though [[Giardiasis|giardiasis]] is commonly thought of as a camping or backpacking-related disease and is sometimes called "Beaver Fever," anyone can get [[Giardiasis|giardiasis]]. People more likely to become [[Infection|infected]] include: | ||
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==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Your health care provider will ask you to submit stool (poop) samples to see if you are [[Infection|infected]]. Because testing for [[Giardiasis|giardiasis]] can be difficult, you may be asked to submit several stool specimens collected over several days. | Your health care provider will ask you to submit stool (poop) samples to see if you are [[Infection|infected]]. Because testing for [[Giardiasis|giardiasis]] can be difficult, you may be asked to submit several stool specimens collected over several days. | ||
Tests that may be done include: | Tests that may be done include: | ||
*[[Enteroscopy|Enteroscopy]] | *[[Enteroscopy|Enteroscopy]] | ||
*Stool antigen test to check for [[Giardia lamblia|''Giardia'']] | *Stool antigen test to check for [[Giardia lamblia|''Giardia'']] | ||
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==Treatments== | ==Treatments== | ||
Some [[Infection|infections]] go away on their own. Anti-infective medicines may be used. | Some [[Infection|infections]] go away on their own. Anti-infective medicines may be used. | ||
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==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
To prevent and control infection with the [[Giardia lamblia|''Giardia'']] parasite, it is important to: | To prevent and control infection with the [[Giardia lamblia|''Giardia'']] parasite, it is important to: | ||
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==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)== | ==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)== | ||
It is common for the [[Infection|infection]] to go away on its own. Persistent [[Infection|infections]] have been reported and need further [[Antibiotic|antibiotic]] treatment. Some people who have had [[Giardia lamblia|''Giardia'']] [[Infection|infections]] for a long time continue having symptoms even after the [[Infection|infection]] has gone. | It is common for the [[Infection|infection]] to go away on its own. Persistent [[Infection|infections]] have been reported and need further [[Antibiotic|antibiotic]] treatment. Some people who have had [[Giardia lamblia|''Giardia'']] [[Infection|infections]] for a long time continue having symptoms even after the [[Infection|infection]] has gone. | ||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
*http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/giardia/gen_info/faqs.html | *http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/giardia/gen_info/faqs.html | ||
*http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000288.htm | *http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000288.htm | ||
[[Category:Patient information]] | [[Category:Patient information]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Overview complete]] | ||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | ||
[[Category:Gastroenterology patient information]] | [[Category:Gastroenterology patient information]] | ||
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[[Category:Infectious disease patient information]] | [[Category:Infectious disease patient information]] | ||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
Revision as of 19:32, 8 August 2011
For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here
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Giardiasis |
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Giardiasis On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Assistant Editor-in-Chief: Cassandra Abueg, M.P.H [2]
Overview
Giardiasis is a diarrheal disease caused by the microscopic parasite Giardia. A parasite is an organism that feeds off of another to survive. Once a person or animal (for example, cats, dogs, cattle, deer, and beavers) has been infected with Giardia, the parasite lives in the intestines and is passed in feces(poop). Once outside the body, Giardia can sometimes survive for weeks or months. Giardia can be found within every region of the U.S. and around the world.
How is it spread?
Giardiasis outbreaks can occur in communities in both developed and developing countries where water supplies become contaminated with raw sewage.
It can be contracted by drinking water from lakes or streams where water-dwelling animals such as beavers and muskrats, or domestic animals such as sheep, have caused contamination. It is also spread by direct person-to-person contact, which has caused outbreaks in institutions such as day care centers.
Travelers are at risk for giardiasis throughout the world. Campers and hikers are at risk if they drink untreated water from streams and lakes. Other risk factors include:
- Exposure to a family member with giardiasis
- Institutional (day care or nursing home) exposure
- Unprotected anal sex
Anything that comes into contact with feces (poop) from infected humans or animals can become contaminated with the Giardia parasite. People become infected when they swallow the parasite. It is not possible to become infected through contact with blood.
Symptoms
Giardia infection can cause a variety of intestinal symptoms, which include:
- Dehydration
- Diarrhea
- Gas or flatulence
- Greasy stool that can float
- Headache
- Loss of appetite
- Low-grade fever
- Stomach or abdominal cramps
- Swollen or distended abdomen
- Upset stomach or nausea
- Vomiting
These symptoms may also lead to weight loss. Some people with Giardia infection have no symptoms at all.
How long after infection do symptoms appear?
The time between infection and developing symptoms is 7 - 14 days.
How long will symptoms last?
In otherwise healthy people, symptoms of giardiasis may last 2 to 6 weeks. Occasionally, symptoms last longer. Medications can help decrease the amount of time symptoms last.
What are possible complications?
- Dehydration
- Malabsorption (inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestinal tract)
- Weight loss
Who is at risk of getting giardiasis?
Though giardiasis is commonly thought of as a camping or backpacking-related disease and is sometimes called "Beaver Fever," anyone can get giardiasis. People more likely to become infected include:
- Children in child care settings, especially diaper-aged children
- Close contacts (for example, people living in the same household) or people who care for those sick with giardiasis
- People who drink water or use ice made from places where Giardia may live (for example, untreated or improperly treated water from lakes, streams, or wells)
- Backpackers, hikers, and campers who drink unsafe water or who do not practice good hygiene (for example, proper handwashing)
- People who swallow water while swimming and playing in recreational water where Giardia may live, especially in lakes, rivers, springs, ponds, and streams
- International travelers
- People exposed to human feces (poop) through sexual contact
Diagnosis
Your health care provider will ask you to submit stool (poop) samples to see if you are infected. Because testing for giardiasis can be difficult, you may be asked to submit several stool specimens collected over several days.
Tests that may be done include:
- Enteroscopy
- Stool antigen test to check for Giardia
- Stool ova and parasites exam
- String test (rarely performed)
This disease may also affect the results of the following tests:
- D-xylose absorption
- Small bowel tissue biopsy
- Smear of duodenal aspirated fluid
Treatments
Some infections go away on their own. Anti-infective medicines may be used.
Cure rates are generally greater than 80%. Drug resistance may be a factor in treatment failures, sometimes requiring a change in antibiotic therapy.
Although the Giardia parasite can infect all people, infants and pregnant women may be more likely to experience dehydration from the diarrhea caused by giardiasis. To prevent dehydration, infants and pregnant women should drink a lot of fluids while ill. Dehydration can be life threatening for infants, so it is especially important that parents talk to their health care providers about treatment options for their infants.
Prevention
To prevent and control infection with the Giardia parasite, it is important to:
- Practice good handwashing and hygiene
- Avoid water (drinking or recreational) that may be contaminated
- Avoid eating food that may be contaminated
- Safe sexual practices, especially regarding anal sex, may decrease the risk of contracting or spreading giardiasis
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)
It is common for the infection to go away on its own. Persistent infections have been reported and need further antibiotic treatment. Some people who have had Giardia infections for a long time continue having symptoms even after the infection has gone.