Congenital heart disease pathophysiology

Congenital heart disease Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [2]; Assistant Edtior-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [3]

Overview

Congenital heart disease directly influences the normal mechanical, physical and biomechanical functioning of the heart. There are many forms of congenital heart disease and subsequently, each condition holds its own unique pathophysiology.

Pathophysiology

During fetal development, a congenital heart disease will directly influence the formation of the anatomical structure of the heart. This in turn influences the normal mechanical, physical and biomechanical functioning of the heart. Refer to the following sections for the unique pathophysiology of each specific condition.

• Aortic stenosis
• Atrial septal defect
• Atrioventricular canal
• Coarctation of aorta
• Patent ductus arteriosus
• Tetralogy of fallot
• Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
• Tricuspid atresia
• Truncus arteriosus
• Transposition of the great arteries
• Ventricular septal defect

Pathological Findings

Images courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology

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  Right Ventricle Hypoplasia: Gross natural color good example showing tiny tricuspid inlet and very small but quite thick right ventricle

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  Right Ventricle Hypoplasia: Gross natural color view from right atrium showing patent foramen ovale and very small tricuspid valve

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  Right Ventricle Hypoplasia: Gross natural color external view of heart showing very large left ventricle and very small right ventricle delineated by anterior descending branch of left coronary artery