Deep vein thrombosis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[Rudolf Virchow]] noted several factors affecting the clot formation, which are: | [[Rudolf Virchow]] noted several factors affecting the clot formation, which are as follows: | ||
'''1).Alterations in blood flow ([[stasis]])''' : | '''1).Alterations in blood flow ([[stasis]])''' : Blood flows throughout the circulatory system, without significantly stopping or slowing any where. In certain pathological conditions where the blood flow slows down or stops, it causes | ||
*a) | *a) Increase in platelet to endothelium contact | ||
*b) Decrease the dilution of clotting factors | *b) Decrease the dilution of clotting factors | ||
This increases the risk of clot formation and form microthrombi, which further grow and propagate. | This increases the risk of clot formation and form microthrombi, which further grow and propagate. | ||
'''2).Injury to the vascular endothelium''' : Intrinsic or secondary to external trauma( | '''2).Injury to the vascular endothelium''' : Intrinsic or secondary to external trauma (Eg. catheterization) can cause [[Tunica intima|intimal]] damage and stimulates clot formation. See [[Coagulation]] | ||
'''3).Alterations in the constitution of blood ([[hypercoagulability]])''' : | '''3).Alterations in the constitution of blood ([[hypercoagulability]])''' :It is the propensity to develop thrombosis due to an abnormality in the system of coagulation. | ||
These three conditions are collectively known as [[Virchow's triad]]. | These three conditions are collectively known as [[Virchow's triad]] and lead to intravascular [[coagulation]], forming a mass of [[red blood cell]]s, [[leukocyte]]s, and [[fibrin]]. | ||
More DVT's occur in the left leg than in the right, because the right common iliac artery compresses the left common iliac vein.(see [[May-Thurner syndrome]]) | More DVT's occur in the left leg than in the right, because the right common iliac artery compresses the left common iliac vein.(see [[May-Thurner syndrome]]) | ||
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Thrombi usually develop first in the calf veins, "growing" in the direction of blood flow. DVTs are distinguished as being above or below the [[popliteal]] vein. Very extensive DVTs can extend into the [[iliac vein]]s or the [[inferior vena cava]]. The risk of pulmonary embolism is higher in the presence of more extensive clots. | Thrombi usually develop first in the calf veins, "growing" in the direction of blood flow. DVTs are distinguished as being above or below the [[popliteal]] vein. Very extensive DVTs can extend into the [[iliac vein]]s or the [[inferior vena cava]]. The risk of pulmonary embolism is higher in the presence of more extensive clots. | ||
<youtube v=X_POCRsy7i4/> | <youtube v=X_POCRsy7i4/> This video explains the process of thrombosis. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
[[Thrombosis]] | [[Thrombosis]] | ||
Revision as of 03:22, 4 September 2011
Editors-in-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. Associate Editor-In-Chief: Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS [1]
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Overview
Rudolf Virchow noted several factors affecting the clot formation, which are as follows:
1).Alterations in blood flow (stasis) : Blood flows throughout the circulatory system, without significantly stopping or slowing any where. In certain pathological conditions where the blood flow slows down or stops, it causes
- a) Increase in platelet to endothelium contact
- b) Decrease the dilution of clotting factors
This increases the risk of clot formation and form microthrombi, which further grow and propagate.
2).Injury to the vascular endothelium : Intrinsic or secondary to external trauma (Eg. catheterization) can cause intimal damage and stimulates clot formation. See Coagulation
3).Alterations in the constitution of blood (hypercoagulability) :It is the propensity to develop thrombosis due to an abnormality in the system of coagulation.
These three conditions are collectively known as Virchow's triad and lead to intravascular coagulation, forming a mass of red blood cells, leukocytes, and fibrin.
More DVT's occur in the left leg than in the right, because the right common iliac artery compresses the left common iliac vein.(see May-Thurner syndrome)
Thrombi usually develop first in the calf veins, "growing" in the direction of blood flow. DVTs are distinguished as being above or below the popliteal vein. Very extensive DVTs can extend into the iliac veins or the inferior vena cava. The risk of pulmonary embolism is higher in the presence of more extensive clots.
<youtube v=X_POCRsy7i4/> This video explains the process of thrombosis.